Falstaffs Role in Henry IV, Part One Essay -- Henry IV Henry V Essays

Falstaffs Role in henry IV, Part unmatched Henry IV, Part One, has always been one of the most popular of Shakespeares wagers, maybe because of Falstaff. practically of the early criticism I found concentrated on Falstaff and so provide I. This may begin in the eighteenth century with Samuel Johnson. For Johnson, the Prince is a young man of great abilities and violent passions, and Hotspur is a rugged soldier, scarcely Falstaff, unimitated, unimitable Falstaff, how shall I describe thee? Thou compound of sense and vice . . . a character loaded with faults, and with faults which produce contempt . . . a thief, a glutton, a coward, and a boaster, always ready to cheat the weak and prey upon the paltry to terrify the timorous and insult the defenceless . . . his wit is not of the sensitive or ambitious kind, but consists in easy escapes and sallies of levity yet he is stain with no enormous or sanguinary crimes, so that his licentiousness is not so offensive but that it may be borne for his mirth. Johnson makes three assumptions in his reading of the play 1. That Falstaff is the kind of character who invites a moral plan mainly that he can answer to the charge of being a coward. 2. That you (the reader) can detach Falstaffs frivolity from the play and it can exist for its birth sake apart from the major theme of the drama. 3. That the play is really to the highest degree the fate of the kingdom, and that you (the reader) do not connect Falstaffs scenes with the main action. This means that the play has no real unity. Starting with Johnsons first assumption, I do harbour with this. Any discussion of Fa... ...ributes to Hals maturing process, and it does. In conclusion, every age of man has and will continue to judge Falstaffs role based on the morals and the intellection of the day. His frivolity is necessary to make the play amusing and interesting rich to hold the readers/viewers attention. However, that Falstaffs scenes a re needed should go without question leaving the critics and us only to debate his motivation and his tactics. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Henry IV, Part One Blooms Notes. New York Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London Barons Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Henry IV Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999.

Comparing William Blake and William Wordsworth

Sonnet 18 In Sonnet 18, William Shakespe atomic number 18 begins by considering what metaphorical comparisons would best reflect the young musical composition, in fact a true convention of Renaissance metrical compositions is to compare beauty and youth with aspects of nature. In the prototypic and in the second stanza he develops the idea of pass in the fore more or less stanza (the introductory part) he wants to compare the young while to a summertime day, but he also says that the man is more sightly and more be intimately than a summer day in fact, he knows, summer gage be very short and the weather is changeable sometimes its too hot and sometimes the sun has vaporiseed, but he cant be obscured.Then the poet adds that it is also true that, like a real summer, the young mans youth pass on not last forever, because it is how nature goes (its temporary). The third stanza starts with an adversative, here the poet concentrates in the mans beauty and he says that his bea uty wont disappear not even death can take his beauty, because in rhyme the poet is able to preserve the idea of beauty and youth. It is something like a foretell in the realism of the poem, the youngs man beauty will never die, but it will go on growing in the minds of readers Shakespeare wishes to preserve the young mans beauty against the effects of time.The poem carries the meaning of an Italian orPetrarchan Sonnet (Petrarchan sonnets typically discuss the love and beauty of a beloved). The theme is the transience of beauty, the poet tries to immortalize the young mans beauty through his own poetry. Sonnet one hundred thirty This is a sonnet written for a dark lady, in which Shakespeare criticizes the ideali chatter tendency of the most Elizabethan love poetry to compare the beloved with nature. Sonnet 130 is clearly a parody of the pompous love sonnet, made popular by Petrarch.In describing his dark lady, he is careful to emphasise how little she corresponds to the conven tional idea of beauty of his time in fact from the sonnet we can understand that the woman is not beautiful she doesnt have softening hair, instead she has got black wire hair, she doesnt have brilliant eye and red lips , she has dark skin (breasts), moreover he cant see the colour of the roses in her cheeks and her breath cant be compared to perfume, her voice is not as pleasant as music and she doesnt walk like a goddess.For him, however, the fact that she is not conventionally beautiful is an indication of her natural beauty what fascinates the poet in his lady are the things that kick in her unique in his eyes, these things make her rare in a world in which the women have to correspond to an ideal notion of beauty. So Shakespeare ends the sonnet by proclaiming his love for his mistress, so he does finally embrace the perfect theme in Petrarchs sonnets total and consuming love.Romeo and Juliet (balcony scene) After seeing Juliet at the Capulets house during the feast, Romeo se cretly return to see her again Romeo, cloak-and-dagger amongst the shadows outside Capulets house, sees Juliet in the balcony Juliet, believing that she is alone, professes her love for Romeo and her pro shew ruefulness that he is a Montague. Romeo reveals himself and the lovers speak to each other.Romeo is very poetic when he speaks about Juliet, he is a platonic lover, in fact he describes Juliet as a perfect woman (he idealizes Juliet) he says Juliet is the sun and the moon around is jealous, her eyes are far more brighter than the sun, they are so brighter that the birds sing all the time. He describes her using some of the conventions of courtly love and Neo-Platonism found in sonnets of the time.Instead Juliet, even if she has the passion, goes right into the problem, which is the name she is more realistic and shes worried because Romeo shouldnt be there and if someone sees him he could die. The high-and-mighty image in Romeo and Juliet is light Romeo associates Juliet wi th sunlight and stars and the light emanating from angels. Shakespeares works are written in Early Modern English the language utilize by Romeo and Juliet, particularly Romeo, is often lyrical.

Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students

The government is now looking into ways of change magnitude the development experience of students they could use in the competetive certainity of life. The C. S. Mott Foundation suggests that the era is ripe to shatter the chalk and talk, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., September to June notion of trail, and stretch and reshape learning measure in order to give out student achievement (Stedron 2007).In his article, A new daytime for learning its time to look at changing the space and scope of the school day to help kids succeed Jennifer Stedron enumerated some ways to increase students learning and explains the benefits of each. triad options were offered to incorporate spend learning, out-of-school learning or increasing the length of time for a school day or school year.The advantage of including summer learning programs lies with the additional learning experience for students that can take a shit them for the next stage of learning.Stedron (2007) held that disadvantaged studen ts tend to fall behind during the summer because of a lack of learning opportunities in the home and community. By twenty percent grade, this summer slippage accounts for approximately two full years deficit in development comprehension levels.The executive director of Johns Hopkins University Center for Summer Learning held that the differences in summer learning account in part for later gentilityal outcomes (Stedron 2007).New Mexicos Plus Pilot Project, which provides an optional program of at least 40 additional days of school during the summers before and after kindergarten, has resulted with students gaining early literacy acquisition and social maturity which can considerably prep are them better for the offshoot grade.Out-of-school activities can in any case increase students learning experience. Before- and afterschool programs reinforce the school broadcast and broaden student skills through enrichment activities that might be absent from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. according t o Stedron (2007).She held that extra subjects such as art and music, which produce been cut but many schools in favor of the more applicative subjects, are often what keep some children engaged in and attention school (Stedron 2007).California Senator Tom Torlakson said that kids get excited more or less learning and their attachment to school increases since they have to attend school to attend these out-of-school programs.Aside from getting better results from students, investing on these programs will also become budget savings for the government. Stedron (2007) used the California After School didactics and Safety Initiative program as an example of the advantages of out-of-school programs evaluations line of battle increase in student attendance, achievement and good behavior from kids in the programs.And a 50 percent decrease in students who must iterate grades is saving the state the massive expense of an extra year of education for many students.Nothing can increase learning experience better than extending instructional time, which may be through, but not limited to, summer learning or after-school programs.Stedron, however, stresses that it is not just more school time that the students need. They need to opportunities to develop creativity and be leaders (Stedron 2007). For old students, this may include internship programs which give the students time to learn in the real world.Milt Godlberg, a member of the national Time, Learning, and Afterschool Task Force, believes that young people are more engaged in learning and are more do when activities are not restricted by the traditional classroom social organisation (Stedron 2007). Education should, after all, not be confined within the four-spot corners of the classroom, but must also incorporate the realities of life.Stedron has given profound insights about the topic. Although the claims are not supported by statistical evidences, she has provided a win over argument by providing stude nt reactions and comparisons with the traditional way of learning.Increasing learning experience, not just academically but socially, will benefit the students by also increasing their knowledge, skill, and competetiveness, all of which will consequentially increase their chances of achievement and success.ReferencesStedron, J. (2007). A new day for learning Its time to look at changing the length and scope of the school day to help kids succeed.

Advertising to Youth

In the ever expanding world of consumerism and advertizing, companies be constantly looking for brisk ship piece of assal to grapple their point of intersections to offspringfulness by making their commercials and ca spends more(prenominal) memorable than the ambition thus having to reinvent themselves. The offspring gen epochtion has become the prime coffin nail beca theatrical role they bemuse more kick the bucketing power than ever beforehand because of more disposabel income, and increased avenues at their disposal in which to spend their money. Therefore companies spend an enormous amount of money of money on advertisement to ensure popularity and proterozoic brand loyalty.In the last decade, these superbrands ar looking towards refreshing and outrageous ways to capture schoolgirlish audiences, although these presss ar appealing, how effective ar they? This essay is meant to raise how companies are reinventing themselves, whether their causas are effec tive, and what possible implications these actions may bear on youth during their teenage geezerhood, when they may be the or so impressionable. As mentioned former, youth are fantastically important to the international market, in The Advertising Age, Jeff Jensen mentions that in straight offs youth market Selling out is non only accepted, its considered hip (Klein, pg. 5) Corporate sponsorships pick out become a regular occurrence, as a conglomerates advertise during stupendous sport events, concerts and or even swarm entire contests . This provides for a perfect channel of penetration to a queen-sized amount of youth as they are usually key observers of these graphic symbols of events. An lesson of this would be the how McDonalds was a sponser of the Vancouver exceptional Winter Games. Throughout the both week duration of the games, McDonalds sponsorship was seen everywhere, which was ironic considering that most food offered at McDonalds is high in fat and cholest erol.Regardless of the facts, the company promoted themselves as a product of healthy active living by having suspensors endorse their products. An earlier streak f tuckerured pop icon Justin Timberlake collaborating with the Golden Arches, and creating the slogan and doggerel Im Lovin It, which later furthered his own music career. The use of music to attract assist to a product has become a new publicizing cut down among many companies because it allows the organization to appear in tune with youth cultivation by using familiar songs, or artists to identify with the brand.A revolutionary effort made by automobile manufacturers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Audi, Ford, Honda, and BMW has changed brand bring by creating brand loyalty among a totally new generation and chasing new(a) buyers. (Halliday, 16) In the faux pas of Audi, they sponsored David Bowies concert, and asked fans to collaborate two of his looker songs for their next campaign the winner would win a brand new Audi TT coupe. The tar create for the contest was skeweed to 20- somewhatthing consumers, younger than Audis traditional audience in their late 30s to former(a) 50s (Halliday, 16) As for BMW, their angle for targeting youth aged 15-30 years old was similarly clever.They sponsored young go-cart drivers by providing them with scholarships to race for BMW formula USA professionally, not only helping descriptor the winners careers, but have their new target audience identify with the drivers and therefore, the brand. In the past, luxury vehicles such as BMW and Audi were mostly marketed towards baby boomers, but marketers are set abouting to take up the market value of advertising to youth approaching an age when they bring forth deciding what car they should identify with. This performs brand loyalty at an archaeozoic age, that leaveing hopefully generate gross sales for the companies later on.The above are all examples of how to secure brand loyalty among youth a t an wee age. Although the campaigns are ingenious marketing strategies, the repercussions may be serious. In the case of McDonalds, there are some serious respectable issues centered virtually the fact that a restaurant that give aways junk food is promoting itself-importance as an pick to a healthy lifestyle. Although they do offer healthier choices on their menu, their campaign during the Olympics featured the slogan you dont have to be an athlete to eat similar one featuring athletes like Patrick Chan eating a burger.These types of commercials draw to be mis lede to young viewers to believe that athletes actually eat fast food. Even viewers that are aware McDonalds is not a healthy choice might be more in all likelihood to purchase from the restaurant because of the constant advertising, and incentives such as official Olympic paraphernalia. The effect of the campaign was very successful, as McDonalds generated a sales profit of 4. 8 percent worldwide higher than last Fe bruary, with a predicted increased of 4 percent. In retrospect, luxury automobile entraperrs advertising to youth may be a seemingly harmless alternative to gaining future(a) customers.solely on closer inspection, the paradox may lie deeper. By luxury models creating brand loyalty so early one, it gives the impression that any soulfulness can own an Audi or BMW, when in fact that is not the case. many an(prenominal) people will never be able to afford this type of vehicle, but by instilling a desire so early on, may cause some to live beyond their means, meaning red into debt to own an Audi, and have a false sense of accomplishment. On the former(a) hand, a teen may desire these cars, and dedicate themselves to working leaden so that one day they be able to afford one.There is no way to tell whether this will have a positive or negative effect of the consumer, as the campaign is only a start to the reinvention of two brands that have for many decades been deemed as appropria te for middle-aged adults. During the era of Old Hollywood, product placement was a exquisite part of the video making business, as somatic products were secondary to the script and story zephyr. In todays conglomerate controlled society, advertisement becomes the main form of bread and butter for a motion picture, thus in some cases controlling the whole integrity of the film.On television, certain pictures are created most the product itself, and cleverly manipulated through repetition to instigate desire in the product. The prominence of this type of product placement is clearly visible in television and mental picture scheduling that is targeted at youth. An example is Americas Next Top Model, the corporate sponsor of the show is Cover Girl Cosmetics. The whole show is build around using the products, advertising them in the photo shoot campaigns, and once again repeating the brand at the end during the elimination ceremony.The brand describes itself as youthful and f resh, the perfect brand for young girls. The models in the reality show all strive to win $100,000 contract with Cover Girl. Needless to say, this has been an incredibly well executed advertising campaign, and it is endorsed by supermodel Tyra Banks, and is viewed by millions of young girls around the world. Last year Cover Girls revenue was US 79. 03 billion dollars. Even if only a smart per cent of young women buy the cosmetics because of the show, it is still a fantastic investment in advertising for the company.Many movies are following in the same trend by barefacedly centering their scripts around product placement, in some cases making it the contract of the entire movie. One extreme example in the satire frivolity Talladega Nights starring Will Farrel. The film focuses around the advertisement of Nascar, Wonderbread, Old Spice, Perrier, greaser Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Applebees to name a few. The viewer is so overwhelmed by the amount of corporate sponsors, that they may fail to love that there is no genuine story line.This movie is meant for a young audience as it is fill with outrageously inappropriate and immature humor that ironically identifies the fact that the movie is filled with product placement. This is a brilliant way to advertise numerous products because the movie does not deny the fact, which makes it almost unexceptionable to the audience because of the citation of the fact. Shortly by and by the movie aired, Wonderbread started a new savvy campaign of their own, introducing a new whole wheat version of their bread that catered to children.There is no doubt that Wonderbread became the face of Talladega Nights and thus unforgettable. In the fight for youth audiences, companies are now spending millions of dollars on market research in the bursting charge of finding out what is trendy and cool. In her article Niomi Klein identifies a polar approach to researching the youth generation. Cool Hunters The legal stalkers o f youth culture (Klein, pg. 72) are used to investigate teenagers by large corporations into order to stay authorized within their advertising and products. Armed with their change agents and cool hunters, the superbrands become the never-failing teenage followers, trailing the scent of cool wherever it led (Klein, pg. 73) that brings reinvention to a whole new level. These marketers usually focus towards the ghettos of large cities, where subcultures start because of neglect of money these youth are forced to use their creativity to standout and build a self image against the status quo. Corporations such as Nike recognize trends in these communities, and use it towards the advent of a new campaign and line of clothing or post.The irony is that this trend is catered to suburban youth put on to look like the youth from the ghettos because very often the most provoke outfits are from the poorest people. (Klein, pg. 73) Wherever there is a new trend emerging, the superbrands wi ll find some way to materialize it for their own profit. This creates a problem of originality as no space has been left unbranded. (Klein, 73) Youth may find it difficult to create an outstanding and alternative image for themselves that does not nominate concourse consumerism.There is also some ethical problems with this marketing trend as this could be seen as a new form of pirating ideas, and the compromising of cover of the youth targeted in the ghettos. The trend of hip hop influence has break to other companies such as Reebok, Tommy Hilfiger and even Levis as they use celebrity endorsements like 50 Cent, Puff Daddy and Jay-Z to further sell their reinvented brand images. In another effort to stand out and make a commercial unforgettable, some companies are going to extreme measures to create edgier content that abandons the use of musical inspired content, and uses shocking images in its place.One such company is Airwalk shoes which used body dismemberment and overflowin g toilets as humor to create an uncensored voice of the counterculture. (Jensen, pg. 31) This campaign came into light after the success of seamy humor movies such as Theres Something About Mary and Monty Python. The first commercial hows an Airwalk consumer being chased by an angry motorist and ends up losses some limbs in the process. aft(prenominal) the ordeal is over, the loyal customer finds one of his dismemebered legs in order to get his Airwalk shoe back.The second commercial titled Titanic illustrated a young man sitting on the toilet which starts to overflow, and he does everything to keep his Airwalk shoes from getting wet. The approach of the outrageous was aimed to be more viral, by using the shocking images to gain more media placement among ESPN, MTV, and Much Music. The vocalism for Airwalk was quoted saying It wont be enough to precisely carpet-bomb consumers with your brand name a brand better be compelling enough that consumers covet it. (Jensen, pg. 1) Th e campaign was aimed towards a niche target audience of teenaged skateboarders that would appreciate the dirty humor, as they were thought to be as fearless and out-going as were the new 4 million dollar advertisements. Although they probably appealed to many young people, it most potential offended other viewers with the gut-wrenching content. This interesting approach could each work in favor of the company or against it but by using such explicit humor may prove to be very limiting, as it may only appeal to a small audience, not generating as many sales.In the end, the campaign proved to be to a fault extreme for MTV which asked the company to tone down the dismemberment approach. After reviewing just a few modes of advertisement towards youth, the question of how this effects them during their reflective years, leading into adulthood. In a review of cognitive studies done on youth ages 11-16 years old had still not acquired an understanding of persuasive innovation on a par w ith adult levels (Nairn & Fine, pg. 449-450) Thus these children were not able to identify clearly that companies were advertising to them in order to sell a product.This makes it very dangerous because teenagers may start forming habits of consumption before they are able to identify them completely leading to the onset of the mass consumerism attitude. Children around the aged of 12 do not show the anticipate increase in resistance to advertising (Nairn & Fine, pg. 450), making them an on the loose(p) target for brand loyalty and preference for corporations. Consequently, a child shown a movie clip introducing a brand would be more likely to choose that brand after seeing it this was concluded by a study done by Auty and Lewis in the Psychology of Marketing.In light of this information, the ethical issues surrounding advertising to children and youth should be taken under majuscule consideration. By possibly limiting the amount of commercials during youth programming woul d have a positive effect of limiting the effects of mass consumer culture. But in contrast, much of the programming aired for youth is sponsored by large corporations, and if commercials are cut down, so is the funding. Not only may advertising effect the future consumer practices of youth, but it also may effect their ethics and values.Seeing crude material such as the Airwalk commercials may have some influence in their tolerance for such humor, and may make it acceptable in their eyes. Images of sexually explicit content may also have the same repercussions towards behavior as well as self image. In shows like Americas Next Top Model, the girls are portrayed as perfect because they are thin youth may aspire to such ideals which may cause a negative self image towards themselves and others. Advertising is a powerful tool for many corporations, and they will constantly looking for new and exciting ways to capture the guardianship of youth.There numerous methods that make advertis ing almost inescapable. Every area of the surround becomes a commodity as advertising can be found on the floors and ceilings of buses, internet sites, and even in washrooms stalls. But what the youth of today have is more information at their disposal that they can use to combat large corporations, and be able to identify what these companies are doing. They can use this information to generate their own income by using sites like YouTube, or use what they know against the corporations to ban advertising to young children.

Film “Gothika” Essay

In the 2003 necessitate Gothika Halle cull plays a psychiatrist who loses her memory and wakes up in an insane asylum, the alike(p) one where she had previously been a staff physician. She is confused, disoriented and has lost time. Pete, a psychiatrist played by Robert Downey Jr. , is the doctor assigned to her misgiving and Doug, her economize, had been the doctor in charge of the facility. Miranda, Berrys character, eventually learns that her keep up has been killed and that she has been arrested and charged with his murder (Kassovitz, 2003).From the very beginning, the movie pretends to psychology right. But unfortunately, it is mostly just pretending. The first problem in the movie occurs with the description of Mirandas insane break and the actions leading to it. The doctors motorcaring for Miranda argue that her psychic sickness resulted from her accident, non the other way around. At first, they simply explain her complaint as a traumatic amnesia brought on by th e annoyance of murdering her husband. Or, they allege, the amnesia might be related to the head injury from the car accident and unrelated to her psychological condition.Her doctor also asks her ab divulge drugs that she whitethorn have taken to cause the violence (killing her husband) or her amnesia. spell it is allow for to be concerned about a drug-related cause for amnesia (Merck, 2007) it is illogical to believe that those involved in her treatment would not have conducted split tests to detect drug use prior to the questioning. The movie tells us Miranda has been out of touch with her mind for three days when she awakens in the asylum, so the continent idea that they would not have conducted blood tests and have the results back by past seems implausible.The next major mistake the movie makes in its characterisation of Mirandas mental illness and treatment is that Pete is assigned to do her evaluation. While it can be argued that in some aras he might be the only doc tor available, as one is dead and another incriminate of the murder, the humbug came before the reality of treatment standards in the movie. It seems as though Berrys character may even recognize this as she tries to get a handle on her relationship with Pete, asking him if they had an liaison or wanted to have one (Kassovitz, 2003).This immediately calls into question the ethical motive of the doctor and the accuracy of any judgment he makes regarding her condition. The movie then tries to confuse the viewer with the question of whether Miranda is suffering some sort of psychotic break ro is truly being haunted by ghosts. From a diagnostic perspective, Mirandas symptoms include the fugue when she was carryted, her loss of memory, and eventually, though she is loathe to admit this to her doctor, seeing and hearing her ghost. (Kassovitz, 2003).The film even goes so furthermost as to have Miranda address her hallucination, saying I am a rational somebody. I believe in science. I dont believe in the paranormal, and I dont believe in ghosts. But if you are the ghost of Rachel Parsons, can you let me out of this cadre? (Kassovitz, 2003). The professionals, upon hearing her tale of seeing ghosts, move right from a diagnosis of traumatic amnesia to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, skipping right part neurotic. This is not accurate in the least. First, there is Mirandas statement regarding her interaction with the ghost.She is good-tempered logical exuberant to know that interaction with a ghost is absurd and generally accepted as a mental dysfunction. Schizophrenia is characterized by psychosis (loss of contact with reality), hallucinations ( delusive perceptions), delusions ( nonsensical opinions), disorganized speech and behavior, flattened affect (restricted range of emotions), cognitive deficits (impaired reasoning and problem solving), and occupational and social dysfunction. (Merck, 2007) If she were schizophrenic, it is unlikely that she would ha ve retained her logical mind enough to realize that she was being illogical.The fact that her better mind could still identify her behaviors as irrational is one of the clearest indicators that she was not suffering from the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Next, there is the appearance of the ghost herself. If Mirandas delusions had been particular to fleeting images or auditory hallucinations, her symptoms would have been consistent with schizophrenia. However, the presence of an acknowledgeable visual hallucination makes the illness more in line with the symptoms of delusional disorders than schizophrenia (Allpsych, 2007).A delusion is a persuasion that is clearly false and that indicates an abnormality in the affected persons content of thought. The false belief is not accounted for by the persons cultural or religious background or his or her level of intelligence. The key bluster of a delusion is the degree to which the person is convinced that the belie f is true. A person with a delusion will hold firmly to the belief regardless of evidence to the contrary. Delusions can be difficult to distinguish from overvalued ideas, which are unreasonable ideas that a person holds, but the affected person has at least some level of doubt as to its lawfulness.A person with a delusion is absolutely convinced that the delusion is real. (Mind Disorders, 2007). The simple truth is that if Miranda had been suffering from either of these mental disorders, her symptoms would have 1) been more extreme in the case of schizophrenia or 2) come with a total belief in her delusion. She would no longer question whether ghosts were real. The final implied diagnosis of the film is that Miranda has been suffering abuse at the hands of a sadistic and manipulative serial killer who also happens to be her husband.Once the ghost leads Miranda to her husbands torture and abuse chamber, the viewer is left with the impression that Mirandas mental illness including the delusion of seeing the ghost was her minds way of dealing with the threat from her husband and becoming strong enough to deal with his abuse. This is complete and utter Hollywood tripe. While it is possible for batter woman to lose control and kill her husband in a situation where she fears for her life, Mirandas symptoms are completely out of sync with the veritable(prenominal) description of BWS (McElroy, 2002).Most likely, this was an attempt by the writer to draw sympathy for the character that did, in fact, kill her husband. If the movie had intended to portray mental illness in an appropriate fashion, it simply would have to stop with the diaphanous ghost story. The problem was that the writer wanted to create a story in which a ghost was used to explain aside mental illness or a mental illness was sued to explain away an encounter with the supernatural. Either way, they failed. By showing the viewer the ghost, the viewer does not question Mirandas sanity.After all, w eve seen it too. To be more in seam with the diagnosis they were most likely going for, schizophrenia, the movie should have relied on an unseen presence and given perfectly reasonable explanations for things that happen, i. e. show Pete going her cell unlocked so that she an escape and conduct her investigation. As it is, the film fails as a ghost story and fails as a psychological thriller. Had it been done properly, it could have succeeded at both.WORKS CITEDDelusions <http//www. minddisorders. com/Br-Del/Delusions. html>, November 18, 2007. Kassovitz, Mathieu (Director) and Sebastian Guitierrez (Writer). Gothika. USAcapital of South Carolina Pictures, 2003. McElroy, Wendy. Battered Womens Syndrome Science or Sham? The Independent Institute, October 28, 2002< http//www. independent. org/aboutus/person_detail. asp? id=488> November 18, 2007. Prognosis and Treatment, <http//www. merck. com/mmpe/index. html> November 19, 2007. Psychotic Disorders , < http//allpsych . com/disorders/psychotic/index. html>, November 18, 2007.

Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

On August 6 1945 the first off atomic miscarry was discardped on Hiroshima and the second unmatched was dropped at Nagasaki on 9th August 1945. The atomic betray pelted on japan was initially think to force the Germans into submission but after the Ger many an(prenominal) surrendered, lacquer was go away as the threat to world peace. (John F. P. 56) The Hiroshima Bomb which was uranium domiciled killed 100,000 Nipponese and left several thousands dying slowing as a result of radiation. later three years, another atomic go wrong was dropped at Nagasaki city, which left well-nigh 50,000 dead (P. M. S, Blackett 70) The justification for these mass killings was that it would end the war faster and thereby making it unnecessary to invade Japan. jibe to Byres, such an invasion could redeem a million people and therefore it was desirable. Was the atomic barrage of Hiroshima and Nagasaki race murder Yes indeed it was. My opinion is based on the following premises First, by Au gust 1945 the Japan armed forces was in a desperate state.The naval blockade of the Allies had egressn away a fleet of ships with armed services supplies and weapons from Japan military, with turn up these the Japan Military was weak and could not survive for long. (Matin Z. ) According to a detailed opinion survey of the leaders of Japan who survived the atrocities, Japan would have inevitably surrendered probably before November 1945 without the threat of an atomic pelt or tied(p) without Russia threatening to join the war against Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 34)Yet the American leaders knew all this information that had been success plenteousy deciphered from the code and messages direct by Japanese military. The American leaders were well aware that Japanese authority had communicated to its Moscow ambassador to start negations for ending the war with the assort and the all-powerful Japanese emptor had indicated intentions of considering peace settlement by June 1945. horizon tal after the American intelligence informed this message to president Truman, he did not change his mind about launching a bomb attack on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 37)After all the Japanese had only one condition for them to surrender that is the Emperor who was a holy symbol to the Japanese should remain in power even after the end of the war. This was a small condition for America to sacrifice against the lives and property that lay at stake if a bomb was launched on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 38) The statement by hot seat Truman that the world should note that the first bomb was launched on Hiroshima Military base to avoid the killings of civilian was sarcastic since all most all of those killed in the bombings of the two cities were civilian, according to a report by U. S strategical Bombing survey.Both innocent children and women were killed rather than the military personnel, which amounts to the infringement against mankind rights and a genocide of the elevatedest order. (M. Susan Lindee 13) The destruction of the two cities is condemned not only by Japanese and other outsiders but by high rank military and conservative leaders from America itself as well. Former president Herbert clean himself wrote that the indiscriminate killing of young children and women revolted his soul. Former President Eisenhower had even advised the secretary of war against using an atomic bomb on Japan during a certain meeting.These and many more leaders as well as civilian Americans have continued to criticize the exercise taken by worldwide Grove and are on the survey that that the military attack was unnecessary and exaggerated. (Matin Z. ) An ambitious and domineering Admiral Purnell who suggested that it would take two bombs to stuff the Japanese to surrender by and large carried out the idea of a second atomic bomb being dropped on Nagasaki. Grove was well aware that two atomic bombs were in the making and saw good opportunity to actualize his own schemes.The fina le to drop a second bomb at Nagasaki was not even make in Washington but it was made on Tinian Island. Grove was in an unusual hurry to make sure that the second atomic bomb was dropped before anybody else could decide otherwise. http//www. dannen. com/decision/handy. hypertext mark-up language More everyplace, the second bomb primeval design was Kokura but when the attack plane arrived there, the city was covered by a mass of cloud. Instead of the pilot turning back, and aborting the mission, they still went forrard and decided to attack Nagasaki, a town that was highly populated with civilians. http//www. dannen.com/decision/handy. hypertext markup language in that location are also well-supported estimates that Hiroshima bombing was a test. The bomb dropped there had been uranium, which had never been tested before. It was quite inhuman and high level of barbarism that the test was to be done at the expense of many lives. (Matin Z. ) American planes also distributed thousan ds of leaflets alerting the Japanese that unless they surrendered unconditionally the towns of Akita, Fukushima, Urawa, Iwakumi, Yawata Miyakorojo, Otaru, Imabaru and Saga,would be attacked by bombs. However these leaflets did not mention Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Nugata and Kokura.(Matin Z) So it is clearly evident that the American leaders who were responsible for attack did not intend to forewarn the civilians so that they could evacuate before the time of attack. The killings that resulted are not only high ab pulmonary tuberculosis of human rights against innocent civilians but also a horrific act against a subdued enemy. (Matin Z. ) Both innocent women and children were not spared by this obliteration of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (M. Susan Lindee 13). In fact the Manhattan scientists who were working on the bomb were take aback when they were later informed that Japan had always been the target and not a deterrent to the German invasion.(M. Susan Lindee 13) The Military policy comm ittee chaired by General Grove realized that Japan was a more convenient target for the bomb than Germany. This means that the bombing of Japan was not so practically as a result of their aggressive activities but because they were convenient targets of interrogation some newly acquired weapons (Martin J. S. 234) Furthermore Americans wanted to take go out of Japan before Russia could control it. The Russians leaders had planned to invade Japan on 8 August 1945.So the coincidental bombing of Hiroshima two days before the planned date when Russia intended to invade Japan was suspicious. There is a wide specification that America attacked Japan to gain its control before Russia could achieve the same. However the intention of the second bomb that was pelted on Nagasaki is not very clear. (Matin Z. ) However President Truman cannot be blamed so much for the bomb attack on the two cities when he took over in April 12, 1945 after Roosevelts death, General Grove made it issue to Presi dent Truman as if Japan was always the Target for the bombs. http//www.dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Grove was reluctant to discuss about the Manhattan Project with the chief of provide since he knew that he was opposed to the bombing of Japan. The General Marshal was of the view that the bomb could be used against military targets such as marine establishments but not on cities. However General Grove unmarked all these well meaning advices to fulfill his self interest at the cost of hundred thousands of Japanese lives and a lot of property. (Matin Z. ) Conclusion The ago cannot be erased but can serve as invaluable lesson and work up us for the future.Even though the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki speeded up Japans decision to plosive the war, it was not the major consideration that the Japanese leaders used. Therefore the use of the atomic bomb was excessive act since other strategies could have worked to coerce Japan to stop the war. After all, the Japanese were rea dy to surrender on condition that their emperor would still remain in authority. The bombings of Japan cities were not only immoral but they were a crime and genocide to the full extent.Works CitedHarry S.Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945 Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http//www. dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Gar Alperovitz The finality to Use the Atomic Bomb Random House, 1995. 34-38 Hogan, Michael J. Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge University bundle 1996 M. Susan Lindee Suffering Made Real American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima. University Of boodle Press (1994) 12-14 Matin Zuberi Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Journal) Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http//www. ciaonet. org/olj/sa/sa_aug01zum01. htmlMartin J. Sherwin A being Destroyed Hiroshima and its Legacies, 2nd edition, Stanford University Press, (2003) 233-234. Official Bombing Order, July 25, 1945 Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http//www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html Ogura, Toy ofumi Letters from the End of the World A Firsthand Account of the Bombing of Hiroshima. Kodansha International Ltd 1948. P. M. S, Blackett The Atomic Bomb New York Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976. (66-70) John Francis Purcell, Best-Kept secluded The Story of the Atomic Bomb. New York Vanguard, 1963. 56-57

Effects of Having a Schizophrenic Family Member Essay

A. What is Schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a complex point disorder that makes it embarrassing for throng affected to think clearly, have general emotional responses, act normally in social situations and tell the conflict between what is real and what is not.It makes people withdraw from the outside world and ever act out in fear. People suffering from schizophrenic disorder may see or hear things that dont exist, speak in strange ways, think that people are trying to harm them, and ever so feel as if they are being watched. They have difficulty in doing activities of daily life.This disease is caused either by ones contractable make-up or abnormal brain structure. But the environment stand be a cause too, as for the environmental factors, much and more research is pointing to stress.Like any other disease, dementia praecox has its own symptoms similar strange ways of speaking, inability to express emotion and irrational statements. It is in these symptoms that we can de tect persons with schizophrenia. And it is important that we diagnose them for medical treatment for schizophrenia may lead to violent behavior.B. Statement of the ProblemPeople with schizophrenia dont relate with people well and therefore makes it hard for the people who care for them to maintain a healthy relationship with them, the people they are related to, for example. For Schizophrenic people, it is hard to hold a immutable job or even care for themselves. This makes them dependent on others and who else is top hat to care for them than their own family.However, schizophrenia sometimes results to violent behavior delinquent to their inability to think clearly and belief that people are always trying to harm them. That is why many of their family members dont chicane how to deal with them and this causes stress within the family.C. Thesis StatementEffects of Having a Schizophrenic Family MemberD. Significance of the StudySchizophrenia is not a rare condition. The lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia is widely true to be 1 in a 100. It therefore affects thousands of families.The love and aliment of a family is vital in treating Schizophrenia but it is difficult to fence with its symptoms. A family member deals with extreme reactions, deterioration from personal hygiene, inability to discern down and social withdrawal. It is seen that families only put up with the patients for a short diaphragm of time because of their frustration in what seems to be lack of progress in treatments.In their inability to understand a person with schizophrenia, a familys emotional support may wane and some even cut off all contact with their schizophrenic son, daughter, or sibling.

Madonna and the Child with Saint Peter and Saint John

The National trend of graphics in cap D. C. holds a wide selection of industrial plant of art from ancient times. Among these atomic number 18 bloody shame and the Child (expressed in tempera on ornament) and bloody shame and the Child with backer Peter and Saint put-on the Evangelist ( connaturally expressed in tempera on panel).The themes of both(prenominal) works are similar in that both contain an interpretation of the Virgin Mary (Madonna) and her interaction with the Christ Child. However, the differing contexts in which these are placed add further levels of meaning to each individualist piece as depicted by each artist. Despite this, similarities also exist between the two paintings, and these similarities range from the use of colourise and liberation, to the sizes and perspectives utilize by the artists. Therefore, superimposed upon the differences in style, context and (to an extent) subject matter similarities of color, visible radiation and perspective are to be found in these two works of art.The work Madonna and the Child was most likely painted nearly time between 1320 and 1330 AD. This was d sensation in the late Byzantine percentage point in Italy by the artist Giotto, whose style is considered to be anticipatory of naturalism. The panel that holds this particular work represents Giotto in the later stages of his career and demonstrates the sobriety and barrier of an artist that had already spent his enthusiastic flare. common nardoo (who died in his twenties), on the other hand, displays his 1360 painting in much brighter and vibrant color that are typical of his youth and enthusiasm.While in Giottos work i detects the deliberate strokes of a talented artist that seeks to display the natural portrayal of a woman and her baby caught in motion, in Nardo one also sees the talent, but with a slight naturalistic tint. Nardo represents a return to the more traditional portrait-like paintings where subjects appeared poised spe cifically to be captured in the medium.Therefore, whereas in Giottos painting, the hands of the fret and tyke are caught in the act of brushing by her chest, Nardos painting depicts mother and child in absence of motion. Furthermore, Nardos painting includes the apostles on the side in adoration of these persons as saints, while Giotto represents them more on the side of adult male persons spontaneously experiencing life in solitude.The colors and lighting techniques used by these two artists offer themselves up for scrutiny. Contrast and expression are used to a large extent in both the Giotto and the Nardo paintings. Giotto uses a method of alternating between gold and bleak to emphasize the importance of the Madonna. A conceptual interpretation of the colors exponent also demonstrate that the Madonna is herself covered by a ghastly shroud of humanity, though her gold-tinted skin demonstrates the worth of the person within the shroud.The colors used for the Christ child cor roborate this and elevate Him in copulation to his mother, as he is given no dark-colored garment to attenuate the princely nature represented in the color of his body. In a similar fashion, the Nardo depiction of the Madonna, Peter and John features a stark gruesome background that has the effect of focusing the eyes of the attestator upon the portraits within.Yet, the ikons of Peter and John on either side of the Virgin take on less significance because of a reduction in their sizes and of the contrast between their color and that of the wall in front of which they stand. This has conceptual value in that is denotes that the Madonna and the Christ Child take more precedence than the apostles. The mother and childs position at the center also highlights this idea.One gets several(prenominal) feelings when one views these two paintings in the gallery. The immensity of the subject and the beauty of the well-heeled and reddish colors give the idea that one is in the charge of hi ghly exalted persons. Yet, one also gets the idea that the persons being viewed (especially in the Giotto painting) are also natural and in the middle of living their lives. With Giotto, the viewer has the sense that he/she witnesses a quite drama in which occurs the human interaction between a mother and a child (National Gallery).In contrast with this, the Nardo portrait gives a more contrived picture which resembles the posing of the two for a portrait. According to interpretation by the Gallerys art historians, Nardos Virgin, despite her soft expression, appears withdraw from human concerns. The Virgin is, in this picture, aware of being under the scrutiny of others the Saints Peter and John that flank her on each side, and the artist himself for whom she poses. kit and boodle CitedGiotto. Madonna and the Child. (Tempera on Panel). Samuel H. cress plant Collection. National Gallery of Art. Washington D. C., 1320/1330.Nardo di Cione. Madonna and the Child with Saint Peter and S aint John the Evangelist. Samuel H. Cress Collection. National Gallery of Art. Washington D. C., 1360.National Gallery of Art. Byzantine Art and Painting in Italy during the 1200s and 1300s. Madonna and the Child. (Giotto.) Samuel H. Cress Collection. National Gallery of Art. Washington D. C., 1320/1330.  

History of Reality Shows Essay

1940s-1950sPrecedents for video record that portrayed pack in unscripted situations began in the ripe 1940s. pouffe for a Day (1945-1964) was an early showcase of existence-based video receiver. The 1946 idiot box spunky visual aspect Cash and Carry sometimes feature contestants performing stunts. Debuting in 1948, Allen Funts hidden camera Candid Camera attest (based on his forward 1947 radio show, Candid Microph unrivaled) computer programme unsuspecting ordinary lot reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Macks Original Amateur bit and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors and consultation voting. In the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in loco tilts, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a crime/police show which impractical from June 1958 to January 1959, with interviewer Jack Wyatt questioning criminals from assorted backgrounds. The radio serial publication Night honor (19511955) tape-recorded the chance(a) activities of Culver City, California police officers. The series You Asked for It (19501959) incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewing audience.1960s-1970sFirst broad account in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television television objective Seven Up, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary seven-year-olds from a broad cross section of society and inquired about their reactions to e actuallyday life. both seven years, a dissipate documented the life of the aforementioned(prenominal) individuals during the intervene period, titled theUp Series, episodes include 7 Plus Seven, 21 Up, etc. (It is still ongoing.) The series was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot. However, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first humans show in the modern sense whitethorn have been the American Broadcasting Comp whats oever series The American Sportsman, which ran from 1965 to 1986. A typical episode featured one or more celebrities, and sometimes their family members, being accompanied by a camera crew on an outdoor orgasmure, such as hunting, fishing, hiking, scuba diving, rock climbing, wildlife photography, horseback riding, extend car driving, and the like, with most of the resulting action and dialogue being unscripted, except for the narration. In the 1966 Direct Cinema film Chelsea Girls, Andy Warhol filmed various acquaintances with no instruction given the Radio Times Guide to Film 2007 stated that the film was to blame for populace television. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family (filmed in 1971) going through a divorce dissimilar many subsequently cosmos shows, it was more or less docudrama in purpose and style. In 1974 a counterpart program, The Family, was do in the UK, following the working class Wilkins family of Reading. Other fo tr ansmitners of modern reality television were the 1970s proceedss of Chuck Barris The Dating Game, The Newlywed Game, and The Gong Show, all of which featured participants who were eager to sacrifice some of their privacy and dignity in a televised competition.10 In 1978, Living in the Past re give rised life in an weight-lift Age English village.1980s-1990sProducer George Schlatter capitalized on the advent of videotape to create real bulk, a surprise hit for NBC which ran from 1979 to 1984. The success of Real People was quickly copied by ABC with Thats Incredible, a stunt show co-hosted by Fran Tarkenton. Canadian TV ran Thrill of a Lifetime, a fantasies-fulfilled reality show from 1982 to 1988 which was revived in 2001-03. In 1985, underwater cinematographer Al Giddings teamed with former Miss America Shawn Weatherly on the NBC seriesOceanquest. Oceanquest chronicled Weatherlys adventures scuba diving in various exotic locales. Weatherly was propose for an Emmy Award for Outs tanding Achievement in informational program. COPS, which first aired in the spring of 1989 and came about partly due to the need for new computer programing during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike, showed police officers on duty apprehending criminals it introduced the camcorder look and cinma vrit feel of much of later reality television. The series Nummer 28, which aired on Dutch television in 1991, originated the concept of putting strangers unitedly in the uniform environment for an  elongate period of time and recording the drama that ensued. Nummer 28 overly pioneered many of the stylistic conventions that have since get standard in reality television shows, including a heavy intent of soundtrack music and the interspersing of events on screen with after-the-fact confessionals recorded by cast members, that help oneself as narration.One year later, the same concept was used by MTV in their new series The Real World and Nummer 28 overlord Erik Latour has long claimed that The Real World was directly inspired by his show. However, the producers of The Real World have stated that their direct inspiration was An American Family. gibe to television commentator Charlie Brooker, this type of reality television was enabled by the advent of computer-based non-linear editing systems for video (such as produced by Avid Technology) in 1989. These systems made it easy to quickly edit hours of video footage into a usable form, something that had been in truth difficult to do before. (Film, which was easy to edit, was too expensive to shoot ample hours of footage with on a regular basis). The TV show expedition Robinson, created by TV producer Charlie Parsons, which first aired in 1997 in Sweden (and was later produced in a large number of other countries as survivor), added to the Nummer 28/Real World template the idea of competition and elimination, in which cast members/contestants battled against apiece other and were removed from the sho w until only one succeeder remained. (These shows are now sometimes called elimination shows). Changing Rooms, a TV show that began in 1996, showed couples redecorating each others houses, and was the first reality show with a self-improvement or makeover theme. The 1980s and 1990s were also a time when tabloid talk shows came to rise, many of which featured the same types of unusual or dysfunctional guests that would later become popular as cast members of reality shows.2000s creation television saw an explosion of planetary popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the successes of the Big Brother and Survivor/Expedition Robinson franchises. In the United States, reality television had a improvised decline in viewership in 2001, leading some to speculate that it was a temporary fad that had run its course. Reality shows with low ratings included The surprise Race(although the show has since recovered), Lost (unrelated to the better-known serial drama of the same n ame) and The Mole. However, this turn out non to be the case. Survivor and American paragon both overstep the US season-average television ratings in the 2000s Survivor led the ratings in 200102, and Idol topped the ratings six consecutive years, from 200405 to 200910). Internationally, a number of shows created in the late 1990s and 2000s have had massive global success. At least nine-spot reality-television franchises have had over 30 worldwide adaptations each the singing competition franchises Idols, Star Academy and The X Factor, and other competition franchises Survivor/Expedition Robinson, Big Brother, Got Talent, Top nonplus, MasterChef and move with the Stars. Several reality game shows from the same period have had even corkinger success, including Deal or No Deal, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and Weakest Link, with over 50 international adaptions each. (All but one of these franchises, Top Model, was created by either British producers or the Dutch production c ompanyEndemol.) In India, the show Indian Idol was the most popular television program for its first six seasons. The 2000s saw three television take devoted exclusively to reality television Fox Reality in the United States, which existed from 2005 to 2010, Global Reality Channel in Canada (20102012) and Zone Reality in the United Kingdom (20022009).In addition, several other communication channel channels, including Bravo, A&E, E, TLC, History, VH1 and MTV, changed their programming to mostly comprise reality television during the 2000s.18 During the early part of the 2000s, network executives expressed concern that reality-television programming was limited in its appeal for DVD reissue and syndication. DVDs for reality shows in fact sold briskly Laguna Beach The Real orange tree County, The Amazing Race, Project Runway, and Americas Next Top Model all ranked in the top DVDs sold onAmazon.com, and in the mid-2000s, DVDs of The simplistic Life outranked scripted shows like T he O.C. and Desperate Housewives. Syndication, however, has indeed proven tortuous shows such as Fear Factor, COPS and Wife Swap in which each episode is self-contained can indeed be rerun sanely easily, but usually only on cable television and/or during the daytime (COPS and Americas Funniest Home Videos being exceptions). Season-long competitions such as The Amazing Race, Survivor, and Americas Next Top Model more often than not perform more poorly and usually must be rerun in marathons to draw the necessary viewers to make it worthwhile. (Even in these cases, it is not always successful Dancing with the Starswas picked up for a ten-season run on GSN in 2012 and was run in marathon format, but experienced very poor ratings.) another(prenominal) option is to create documentaries around series including extended interviews with the participants and outtakes not seen in the original airings the syndicated series American Idol Rewind is an example of this strategy. COPS has had huge success in syndication, direct response sales and DVD. A FOX staple since 1989, COPS has, as of 2013, outlasted all competing scripted police shows. Another series that has seen wide success is Cheaters, which has been running since 2000 in the US and is syndicated in over 100 countries worldwide. In 2001, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences added the reality genre to the Emmy Awards with the category ofOutstanding Reality Program. In 2003, to better differentiate in the midst of competition and informational reality programs, a second category, Outstanding Reality-Competition Program, was added. In 2008, a third category, Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program, was added.2010sIn 2010, The Tester became the first reality television show aired over a video game console. By 2012, many of the long-running reality television show franchises in the United States, such as American Idol, Dancing with the Stars and The Bachelor, had begun to see declini ng ratings. However, reality television as a whole remained super durable in the U.S., with hundreds of shows across many channels. In 2012 New York clips Vulture blog published a humorous Venn draw showing popular themes across American reality shows then running, including shows see in the U.S. states of Alaska, Louisiana and Texas, shows about cakes, weddings and pawnbrokers, and shows, usually competition-based, whose title includes the word Wars. The Voice, a singing competition franchise created by John de Mol that started in 2010, is the newest highly successful reality television franchise, with almost 50 international adaptations. Duck Dynasty, a reality series featuring the Robertson family that founded Duck Commander, in 2013 became the most popular reality series in U.S. cable television history. Its ordinal season premiere was viewed by nearly 12 million viewers in the United States, most of which were in rural markets its rural audience share has ranked in the 30s, an extremely high number for any series, broadcast or cable.RESEARCH AND FORUM COMMENTSI did a look into in 7th grade, and research showed that 40 students confront some reality show and just 11 dont. Also, I find a Big Brother forum and here are some comments from thither1. In my opinion, Big Brother is the best show on TV. Its about real people in real life situations. They learn us something about human natureAnd its fun to regard as2. Reality TV never teaches me anything. I dont debate for a second it shows people in veridical situations. Whats realistic about being isolated from the rest of the world and recorded by cameras 24/7???3. I cipher thats a great idea-who doesnt want to be on TV and star in TV show?4. Big Brother is my favourite show. I think that is really funny and that you can learn a lot from people who are there.Opinions are different, but there is more people who watch reality shows and enjoy in them, than people who dont watch them.

Occupational Adaptation Theory

There ar many sits that provide health c ar professionals with a filter in how they view and asses business sectoral challenges that various(prenominal)s encounter. The occupational readjustment (OA) forge is based on the assumption that the more admit qualified an person is, in an ever- changing environs, the more practicable they become (Schultz, 2014).This assumption is what separates the OA baffle from other assumes (Schultz, 2014). The person-environment-occupation (PEO) model, for ex angstrom unitle, typically assesses environmental barriers which impede an individuals working(a) mathematical operation and bring on modifications to the environment to improve occupational performance (Brown, 2014). temporary hookup the PEO model is undefeated in promoting the shell fit between an individual, their environment, and their occupation (Brown, 2014), other healthcare professionals find success through the use of the OA model by promoting fitability in spite of a ppearance the environment (Schultz, 2014).History of occupational AdaptationThe theory of occupational edition was coached by Janette Schkade and Sally Schultz in 1992 at Texas Womans University (Schultz, 2014). Schkade and Schultz were part of the faculty who was challenged by the doyen of the program at Texas Womans University to develop a Ph.D. program in occupational therapy (Schultz, 2014).It was agreed upon that occupation and reading were important concepts of occupational therapy (Schultz, 2014). When the Ph.D. program was established, occupational reading was foundational to their philosophy and research (Schultz, 2014). The focus of the theory of occupational readjustment is to enhance boilersuit performance (Schultz, 2014). By developing this theory, Schkade and Schultzs goal was to develop adaptive skills and successfully achieve personal adaptation. Furthermore, the theory of occupational adaptation is based on the relationship between occupational performance and kind-hearted adaptation (Schultz, 2014).Occupational Adaptation TheoryOccupational performance is defined as having the ability to exact out roles, routines, and tasks in response to posits of the environment (Ranka, J., & vitamin A Chapparo, C. 1997). The OA theory emphasizes the fascinate of the interaction between the environment and an individual on occupational performance (Schultz, 2014).Schkade and Schultz found that the more adaptive a person becomes, the more functional they are which improves overall occupational performance. Personal adaptation is defined as an ongoing change of order and disorder, and reorganization (Schultz, 2014). The environment is an area that is for the most part out of ones control to be functional in an dynamic area, it is best to adjust to the given circumstance (Schultz, 2014). Schematic Schkade, J. K., Schultz, S. (1992)Occupational Adaptation Process ModelIn the occupational adaptation process model by Schkade Schultz (1992), the perso n is influenced by upcountry factors which demand adaptation and create a desire for mastery. An individuals internal factors are influenced by the sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial systems (Schultz, 2014). These systems are responsible for responses to the environment and challenges (Schultz, 2014).The occupational environment poses outdoor(a) factors in which an individuals roles and occupations lodge in place (Schultz, 2014). The occupational environment creates a demand for mastery and is strongly associated with a persons physical, social, and cultural background (Schultz, 2014). External factors largely affect an individuals response and ability to adapt (Schultz, 2014). Through occupation, at that place is unceasing interaction between an individual and the occupational environment (Schultz, 2014).Due to the logical interaction between a person and his or her environment, occupational challenges swot and a press for mastery is created (Schultz, 2014). The occu pational role expectation is detail upon the environment and demands for adaptation in response to the occupational challenge (Schultz, 2014). When an individual adapts to changes in the environment, this is called the occupational response (Schultz, 2014).Role of Occupational TherapistThe theory of occupational adaptation focuses on developing an individuals adaptive skills through therapeutic use of occupation (Schultz, 2014). The therapeutic use of occupation uses occupational activities to promote the desire to adapt and succeed (Schultz, 2014). The techniques that are used to promote the desire to adapt are crucial for success or otherwise could provide the opposite results and restrict the desire to adapt (Schultz, 2014).Interferences that often impede an individuals success are distressing approach, repetition of ineffective exercises, depression, and frustration (Schultz, 2014). Therapists should grade activities victimisation the just compensate approach so that a perso n feels successful, but is still challenged (Schultz, 2014). slice some interferences can be overcome for success, deficits in sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial systems place remarkable limitations on an individuals ability to respond with adaptations (Schultz, 2014). The role of the therapist is not to take away a persons challenges, but to help them to discover their ability to adapt (Schultz, 2014).Application to Occupational TherapyThis theory can be successfully utilize in intervention in schools, home care, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, and mental health (Schultz, 2014). Thus, there is a wide variety of individuals that could benefit from this model including churlren, people who view as had strokes, post-surgery or injured patients, individuals with dementia, and caregivers (Schultz, 2014).People who have had strokes, specifically, have been successful with this model because of the structure and focus that it provides (Schultz, 2014). Therapists have guided these patients using this model by providing adaptive strategies for their new roles (Schultz, 2014). Therapists have also found success using this model in rehabilitation interventions (Schultz, 2014).Whether it is post-surgery or injury, therapists have found that their patients are more successful and engaged when the intervention plan includes strategies of adaptation inside their daily occupational role (Schultz, 2014). In schools, this model has been successful when diametric with the occupation of reading model for children who experience difficulty reading (Schultz, 2014).The OA model was used to engage children in meaningful reading activities where they feel assured and successful (Schultz, 2014). Therapists found that when adjusting the reading level, children experienced relative mastery (Schultz, 2014). firearm the goal of most intervention is improved performance, the OA model focuses on promoting adaptability, which improves overall performance (Schultz, 201 4).ConclusionThe ecological model is similar to the OA model in that they twain emphasize the influence that the environment has on an individuals occupational performance (Schultz, 2014 Brown, 2014). While the OA model focuses on the importance of adaptability within the environment (Schultz, 2014), the ecological model focuses on modifying the environment for optimal performance (Brown, 2014).The person-environment-occupation (PEO) model, specifically, relates function or disfunction to a persons fit to the environment (Brown, 2014). Dysfunction, according to the PEO model, is due to a hapless person-environment fit and can be rectified by changing the environment (Brown, 2014).The PEO model is based on the idea that therapists should focus on changing the environment to enhance performance rather than changing the individual (Brown, 2014). Consequently, an individuals occupational success is then limited to the confines of the environment that has been adjusted to their capabil ities (Schultz, 2014).For example, a child that has difficulty attending to tasks in a brazen room changing the individuals environment to a quiet room would result in improved occupational performance, but the child is then limited to functional performance within the means of a quiet environment. The OA model adequately prepares a person for an ever-changing environment that they can adapt to, accordingly their occupations are not limited to one environment (Schultz, 2014).For example, a child that has difficulty attending to tasks in a loud room a child that is guided on how to adapt in a loud environment through the use of headphones will then be able to apply their new found adaptive skills in other environments. The OA model differs from other models through collaboration with the person and by instilling boldness as well as empowering them with skills that can be applied end-to-end all of their occupations (Schultz, 2014).I feel most aligned with the OA model because it focuses on vitality skills that are important to be successful throughout life (Schultz, 2014). The OA model is limitless in the population and settings that it can be applied in, which creates stability and structure to help people thrive (Schultz, 2014). In an ever-changing environment that is inevitable, the OA model provides the necessary structure and guidance to function throughout life (Schultz, 2014).ReferencesBrown, C. (2014). Ecological Models in Occupational Therapy. In Willard and Spackmans Occupational Therapy (12th ed., pp. 494-504). Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Model of occupational adaptation process. (1992). In Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice (Part 1).American ledger of Occupational Therapy. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https//ajot.aota.org/article.aspx?articleid=1875314.Ranka, J., & Chapparo, C. (1997). Occupational Performance Model (Australia). Retrieved September 1, 2018, from http//www.occu pationalperformance.com/definitions/Schkade, J. K., & Schultz, S. (1992). Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice, Part 1. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46, 829-837. doi10.5014/ajot.46.9.829Schultz, S. W. (2014). Theory of Occupational Adaptation. In Willard and Spackmans Occupational Therapy (12th ed., pp. 527-540). Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Schultz, S. , Schkade, J. K. (1992). Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice, Part 2. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46, 917-926. doi10.5014/ajot.46.10.917

“Owl Creek Bridge” by Ambrose Bierce and Stephen Crane’s “The Blue Hotel” Essay

Many authors use ridicule to uphold the apologue in different paths. Sometimes the author makes the t unmatchable very(prenominal)(prenominal) pleasant and dreamy, like every thing is upright and ok, when all of the fulminant the story is flipped completely, changing the whole outcome of the story. Irony potty all overly be used in a much more subtle way, for example it doesnt change the entire story, it just makes the proofreader theorize about what just happened a second time.For example, Ambrose Bierces piddling story, An natural event at Owl brook Bridge has very ironic elements to it. honest about the whole story itself is quite ironic. Peyton Farquhar, the main charter, is being hung. In the seconds of dying, he stretches the couple of seconds out into a long-lasting dream. He imagines himself liquid away while dodging bullets, and then he gets into the forest where he must make a long and miserable trip top to his house. Just as he is about to reach his wif es arms his neck breaks and he surpasss, but he didnt die there, he died long ago at the bridge. Bierce makes you truly think that Farquhar has get away from death, but just as you think you are going to watchman a skilful ending, you figure out Peyton Farquhar has died at Owl Creek Bridge.Another example of irony in the short story An event at Owl Creek Bridge was when the Union solider dressed as a Confederate soldier so easily convinced Farquhar to adjudicate to burn down the Owl Creek Bridge. every he had to do was mention that the bridge could easily be burnt down from one side. He was really a Union soldier trying to, in a way, trick Farquhar into giving up his manners, and it worked fairly easily.Another short story that has roughly very ironic parts to it is Stephen Cranes The Blue Hotel. One of its ironic points is when the Swede is in the pub. He is starting line to get drunk and asks a small group of men in the pub to come have a drink with him. They say no and eventually the drunken Swede goes over and puts his hand on one of the mens shoulder and ends up strangling him. This forces the man to make out a knife and stab the Swede, which ends up killing him. All the Swede wanted was nearlyone to drink and have a good time with, but oddly enough, this ends up costing him his life.Another very ironic point to The Blue Hotel was what all the Swede went through when he accused Johnnie of cheating in a game of cards. He got into a fight with Johnnie and then left the hotel from which he got stabbed and killed. The Swede lost his life over a little accusation of cheating. Later on in the story we learn that his acquisition sullen out to be real Johnnie actually did cheat at the card game, just nobody believed him over Johnnie because everyone has known him for a long time, but the Swede was just some random guy that thought everyone was out to get him.Irony washbowl be used in different ways, some very dramatic, and some just to add a little kick to the story. Bierce used irony in a very direct and in a way that it completely changed the plot. He used it so that an almost seemingly happy ending turned into a very sad ending in the blink of an eye. Cranes use of irony sort of adds to the story without completely changing it. It makes the reader feel sort of bad for the character, reservation them feel if just this little change would have occurred, everything would have turned out happy. Irony is a very strong tool that can be used is to enhance the story and even to fool the reader sometimes.

Knowing and Knowledge Essay

Of Mary TMCCA Patterns of Knowing and Knowledge It is paint a pictureed that there argon five practices of subtile and acquaintance in fellate. A wet-nurse moldiness develop and balance all of these ideals of familiarity in ordination to be effective. As in all of treat, nurses refine these patterns with experience and reflection end-to-end his or her c argonr. This knowledge is interrelated, interdependent and overlapping.Nurse, as any former(a) occupation develop their own pattern of knowledge as breach of their profession, nursing being a remarkable profession with a unique pattern of knowledge because it requires in recountectual knowledge, technical skill and is considered an art (Rutty, J. E. 1998). The first pattern of knowledge is emancipatory knowledge. This judgment challenges the nurse to recognize the sometimes-subtle social and political ramifications influencing his or her practice and patient care.The nurse moldiness first recognize that some subject i s wrong, and past have the courage to meet the challenge to attempt to change the lieu quo (Chinn & axerophtholamp Kramer, 2011). Hegemony is the ability of a certain group or dominant class to influence or control another tribe or group and influence them to accept their medical prognosis. The hospital purlieu and family human relationships within them hobo be considered hegemonic, therefore, nurses learn early in their education that is strife is common between hierarchies within institutions. Nurses learn early in their careers that hegemony foundation cause disharmony in their practice (Clare, 1993).In order to utilise this practice or pattern of knowing the nurse must unbelief not only what is wrong with the picture but also who is benefiting from the experimental condition quo. It is assumed that the disadvantaged population or individual is not stark to choose from the options that more advantage persons would be able to choose. The nurse must ask critical ques tions such as what is wrong with this picture and who is benefiting by keeping the status quo (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). estimable knowledge in nursing has to do with doing no harm and doing what is right. Ethics asks what is right and who is answerable?Nurses are challenges daily in clarifying their set and exploring their alternatives when ethical predicaments occur in practice. Various techniques that domiciliate be utilized for this process, however the nurse must be aware that this process is promising to be emotionally charged, as it will challenge his or her deeply held values and belief system. The nurse must also explore other avenues of resolution to the problem from the viewpoint of facts and logic. The use of an ethical conclusion head is often useful when making an ethical decision, as it add pellucidity to the spotlight.Ethical knowledge in nursing operates within fundamental of import and codes. These include such principles of autonomy and benevolence. These are guides to our practice of what the right liaison to do (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). Griepps model of ethical decision making suggests that the nurse has personal belief systems and values however by dint of education and knowledge development has the ability to change his or her beliefs or values. The nurse has the responsibility to al shipway be aware of outside influences on his or her decision-making and carry out right behavior and knowledge (Griepp, 1992).Ethical and Moral Comportment is a term that refers to how nurses or individual behaves or acts incorruptly relative to what they know ethically. This requires the nurse to integrate all patterns of knowledge into the decision-making process. Ethics being the knowledge of what is right, morality being the behavior or heart of what is right and is based on values. An individual has moral rectitude when they behave in a manner that is consistent with their ethics. When nurses are unavailing or unwilling to maint ain moral integrity they get moral distress. There are four types common ethical perspective in nursing.Teleology refers to what is right resurrects good. This concept often refers to the justification for the superlative good for the greatest number of people. Deontology refers to the principle that what is right may not necessarily produce a good outcome. When this principle is followed, it may be the right thing to do in the circumstance, but may cause harm. These two principles are often in conflict. The principle of relativism suggests that what is right in sensation elaboration or society may be different on another. This suggest that depending on time and place in history, what is right may change. fairness ethics suggests that the person involved is important in the decision- making. The character and values or virtues of the person determines the ethical decisions made. The definition of virtue can be troubling when utilizing this principle, especially when referring t o nurses as it is comprised of a high percentage of women, whose virtues execute to be obedience, submissiveness and ego-sacrificing (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). ad hominem knowledge is the intimately difficult knowledge for nurses to describe and develop as it takes much introspection, interaction and experience.It is complex and unique to each person yet fundamentally one of the most important patterns of knowing (Rutty, 1998). individualised knowing is rooted in the central questions of do I know what I do? And Do I do what I know? This concept is spiritual in nature as ones values, attitude and hopes are linked to what they know slightly themselves and how they view the world, joy and suffering, realities, and how each person learns to be veritable(a) and honest-to-goodness. Personal knowledge is guided and learned by self-reflection, personal stories and being ones genuine self. The original process of opening and centering guides it.This process allows the nurse to be present amply with other individuals, and develop the strength and character to be authentic and genuine with others. This allows the nurse to give importee to the experiences he or she has lived (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). Once knowledge is obtained, it becomes personal knowledge this is part of our humanness. At times, the nurse must become uncomfortable in order to seek out personal knowledge as he or she explores and reflects (Sweeney, 1994). Personal knowing is how a nurse just knows something is about to decease or about a situation or another person.Personal knowing is the experience of the situation without conscious reason (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). Personal knowing is what leads the nurse to intuitive thinking. He or she cannot tell you why she has this feeling that this will happen, he or she just knows (Sweeney, 1994). When the nurse has a strong sense of personal knowing it is empowering and gives the nurse a sense of community. The nurse values human life mor e fully and is more giving to others as he or she is more authentic and genuine both with him or herself and with others as they must attempt to view the perception of others (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011).Aesthetic knowledge is the art of nursing and how nurses find meaning and significance in each situation. This pattern of knowledge provides the nurse with insight into the human condition. This insight gives the nurse appreciation and inlet for the practice of nursing. This pattern of knowing and insight allows the nurse to know the unique meaning to unique situations and transform problematic situations into therapeutic situations instantaneously. As in other patterns of knowing this pattern utilizes creativity by the nurse.The nurse must envision the possibility of the best outcome for a given situation and design through with(predicate) experience of past knowledge and present relationship and state as the situation takes place. This must integrate all patterns of knowing in o rder to be effective. While this is underemphasized in nursing practice, it is and built-in part of nursing history. It is the heart of nursing excellence as it embodies mind, system and spirit to form the art and caring of nursing. This pattern of knowing takes specify on the part of the nurse, as he or she must rehearse situations in advance (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011).This pattern of knowing requires the nurse to be fully engaged and he or she must hear each situation by looking beyond what is happening at the moment and envisioning various possibilities. One cannot fully explain in the form of talking to the art of nursing, however the nurse shows the art through interactions and skills (Mantzorou &amp Mastrogiannis, 2011). This pattern of knowing requires the nurse to know what it agent to experience health as well as illness. Synchronous movements with ones style are important in this knowledge.The art of body language and bit is embodied with language skills. Eye contact, touch, facial expressions, tone and language skills are all important. When the nurses body language and tone matches what he or she is saying and he or she engages in therapeutic touch, language skills and body language skills a therapeutic environment is created. This therapeutic environment translates to aesthetic nursing (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). Empiric knowledge can be viewed as the science of nursing. This is the knowledge that is based on the senses.What can the nurse see, hear, touch, smell and possibly taste. They are the facts, figures, graphs, descriptions, and predictive relationships. Empirics can be validated and are viewed the same by all individuals, they are concrete (Mantzorou &amp Mastrogiannis, 2011). This being said, there are several dimensions to empiric knowledge as one must define the conceptual meaning of any given word or concept as it may have different meaning dependent on culture, the situation it is used, or past experience of the pe rson imagining that word. Some concepts are based n continuums. The concepts of cardio-vascular health can be defined in many ways along the continuum. It would need to be more specifically defined along the continuum in order to be valid and clarifies an empiric concept. This creates identifies assumptions, clarifies context for theories, and designs relationship statements. Empiric theory can be defined in a number of ways. Chinn and Kramer (2011) describe empiric theory as A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, projectful and systematic view of phenomena.This process requires creativity, rigor, structure, purpose and tentativeness on the part of the nurse (Chinn &amp Kramer, 2011). The fundamental concept of the servant leadership is relationship. One must have relationship with self and with others. This relationship relates to nursing as relationships and personal knowledge and self-reflection is an integral operation of all patterns of kno wledge. Listening, self- awareness, empathy, foresight and personal and professional growth all kick in to healing of self and others by a servant leader.

Fast food vs homemade food Essay

stem-cured feed is better than fast forage because its healthy, cheaper, and you control whats in your food. Food is the most important thing that keeps us breathing so we withstand to recognise wisely on what we eat. But virtually people choose to eat meals that are giving to you in less(prenominal) than five minutes than a meal that removes thirty or more than minutes. Fast food and homemade food also pick out their similarities because you could choose what you want to eat and when you want it.Fast food attracts people because its ensnare to go any epoch of the sidereal day and many people dresst have that time to actually make a meal. Many people blaspheme on fast food because its convenient to them and you could find a fast food place at almost any corner in a town. Everyone is busy youre a college student, you work a lot, or your kids are keeping you busy so you are eternally in a rush so you dont have the time to make a actual meal but that doesnt mean your e ating habits have to be a rush.When youre qualification food at home you have control of the ingredients going in and whats not going in. When eating fast food you dont know if its health because you dont know what is world put in the food youre eating. For example, you could go to McDonalds and get a burger from the dollar menu or make your own at home, they both look the same and are probably going to be the same size but the differences between them are the calories in the hamburger and the tastes. By making your own you know what kind of percent of plop is in the sum.Almost all fast food restaurants look for deals so they would buy meat that has more percent of fat because its cheaper than meat that has less percent of fat. People keep feeding their kids fast food but what they dont think about is it could lead their children to corpulency in the future. By feeding them home made food you leave have more control of their weight and they will have more energy throughout th e day.Cooking at home dose take time out of your day but you also save a great deal more money than eating out because when you cook at home you could cook one meal and that meal could last you all day or you could save the food for the next day. For example you could buy a five pound bag of chicken breast and use it for assorted types of meals for the week. Also, cooking at home could bring you family together and make the set go by faster. Both fast food and homemade food have differences and similarities. Fast food is more convenient and takes less time were as homemade food is healthier and saves you money.

Evolution of Gender Essay

The ontogenesis of gender issues ever since man loafer remember, when most societies used to regard wo manpower as inferior to men. It is no sequestered that from the first century up to the 21st century women roles surrender agitated with epoch although the vary is minimal. In not long time ago, women were regarded by prevalent law as people who used to take up their roles as wives and matters subserviently and any deviation that a woman showed from these roles was unheard send off and was considered an outcast in the companionship.After the piece wars, education, politics, warfargon, business and other build of violence were territories of men, a few women joined men in these venture. The society looked these women with amazement and wonder. Early the 1950s and 60s change started strike the world especially in the Chinese environment where women became advocates of women empowerment. (Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). In the 1970s and 80s women started taking th eir roles seriously enabling them to evolve actually fast.Women confronted mens duties with a lot of courage and men started accept the fact that women wanted to carry out the roles. Although some men gave women fell attention but they have persevered and gone ahead with the quest for change in the roles. Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy (Tuana Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). The question about women regarded as wives and mothers who are incapable of legal transfer any change in the society have been brushed deflection by many countries giving women top most jobs in the country.England and Pakistan have shown the way which shows that today in England and Pakistan women are almost equal to men in terms of respect and all aspects. Women are now large-minded to take up riles which were previously considered a dominance by men. precisely one thing remains clear that total equality exit not be achieved since it is not easy to kill the illusion that women are inferior to men (K ateChopin. org. ,2008) Matters much(prenominal) as education, politics, warfare, business, and almost anything non-domestic were the territories of men where totally a few and daring women ever ventured.However, as times changed more(prenominal) and more women became advocates of women empowerment. In relation to this, the writer wishes to state that the purpose of this composing is to present a work regarded as one of the pioneers in libber literature. Women evolution is not only a core element of schooling in the world today but also a lovesome indication of strong families. Women empowerment puts wealth in the hands of women which enables these women to be able to succeed in ensuring their families are successive.The development of women in the societies is proving to be failing in some countries with backward leadership such as Zimbabwe and development will remain lagged behind. Statistics show an upward trend for change of roles of women in the society at a whole. Althou gh change is not such effective it is felt. Statistics demonstrate that in Europe, Africa, Asia, America actually thither is evolution in the way women are viewed. Although in some rural areas there are alarming number of domestic violence instances reported and they meet to ability or the demand for women to be empowered.In the late 1800 solid events occurred which changed the roles of women in the society. One of such event was first international womens conference which was held in France in 1892 which highlighted the achievements of women and their rights. Since then women have achieved much in trying to change their lives. In the story of Silk Road of china relating to women content of growth there has been change of women roles especially entry into the business world although some are being used into the business circles as objects. (KateChopin.org,2008 and Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004) kit and boodle CitedChopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. www. pbs. org Public Broadcasting Service. 14 Jun 2008 <http//www. pbs. org/katechopin/library/storyofanhour. html>. Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana. Topics in Feminism. plato. stanford. edu 15 March 2004. Stanford University. 14 Jun 2008 <http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/feminism-topics/>. KateChopin. org, Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour. www. katechopin. org. 2008. Kate Chopin International Society. 14 Jun 2008 <http//www. katechopin. org/the-story-of-an-hour. shtml>.

Social Inequality

cordial Inequality Today, at that emerge ar human racey a nonher(prenominal) stereotypes and antiblack practices that act as barriers to a chars advance nominateforcet within the piece of march. bit it is irrefutable that there ar biological and physical differences among manpower and wo hands, a lot eras these differences are used to bonnyify the unequal handling of wo custody non only in the schoolplace, just within society as a whole. Throughout record, wo workforce chip in practically been viewed as the weaker wake up and gum olibanum their place was thought to be within the habitation as the family considertaker.Unfortunately, these views compensate to influence the distinct social roles for men and women in the world today. This is an anesthetize that almost constantlyy mavin womanhood at some allude in their keep has had to face. some(a) may experience this unequal treatment at their work place, during their bringing up, or in their ein truthday lives. Historically, a womans elemental transmission line was managing the household. As housewives who had no source of income besides that of what their husbands bring in. In the universes eye women were nothing more than than wives, rest homemakers, caregivers, and breeds.It was not thought of for a woman to work a real line of business their place was at home taking care of the family. Throughout history women give up struggled for equality. The right to vote apparent movement and later the Affirmative workion were efforts to increase equality among genders. As the fall in States economy was changing to a more industrialized one it demanded more histrions. While men were at warfare, the demand for workers needed for war occupation increased. Women decided to help out with war efforts by taking all oer the jobs left by men. This step was huge for women realizing their plausibly in the workplace.Prior to 1963 it was licit for a business to collapse a woman do exchangeable work as a man a trim wage. It was in like manner rare to find a woman in a persuasion of authority in a workplace. The Equal Pay locomote of 1963 require gender equality for ante upment of struggle. From that point forward it was irregular for an employer to lucre a woman a lower wage than a man simply because of her gender. A woman who buzz offs discrimination under the basis of this justness may sue her employer in civil court to recruit baffled wages and punitive damages. A year later, the well-be relieve oneselfd Rights be active of 1964 was passed.This granted equal rights to women in all areas of employment. Discrimination of any benignant in the workplace based on gender was now illegal. The fugitive of the Civil Rights Act opened new career doors for women and supplied them with the legal arrest to do so. However, The Civil Rights Act was amended in 1991 when the federal governing body move to include versed harassment in th e laws statutes. This revision allowed women to sue employers who permitted sexual harassment in the workplace for compensatory and punitive damages in court.This amendment to the Act did not stop sexual harassment in the workplace yet it does help to empower women to fight back against the behavior. Even with these laws there is save a signifi poopt pay severance among men and women. For congressman in 2011, women working in force(p) prison term in the United States typically earned just 77 share of what men earned, a feast of 23 portion. This perturbation has narrowed since the 1970s, due mainly to womens get ahead in education and workforce familiarity and to mens wages acclivitous at a slower rate. The subject of equal pay is not only a womans issue scarce in like manner the familys issue.Families are relaying on womens earning more than ever just to make ends meet. In typical married households, womens incomes accounted for 36 percentage of total family income in 2008, up from 29 percent in 1983. These years a large majority of mothers are in the give mash force, and roughly one-third of employed mothers are the sole breadwinners for their families. For the 34 percent of working mothers who are the sole breadwinner for their family either because they are iodin parents or their spouses is not in the labor force.The gender pay gap can contribute to poor living conditions, poor nutrition, and fewer opportunities for their children. And for these women, end the gender pay gap is much more than a point of gazump its a calculate of necessity. In 2011 women working full time do annual profit of $37,118, bit men p.a. made $48,202. Although statistics show the gender pay gap is smallest among the youngest workers. For instance, in 2010 full-time workers ages 1619, women earned 95 percent of what men earned on a weekly basis.Among workers 65 years and older, women earned only 76 percent of what their male peers earned. Women typically earn more than 90 percent of what men earn until around the age of 35, at which point normal(a)(prenominal) wampum for women start to grow much more slowly than median(a) earnings for men. After age 35, womens median earnings take root to between 75 and 80 percent of the median earnings of men and ex be there until retirement. When you look at education statistics youll see that more education is an hard-hitting son of a bitch for change magnitude earnings, but it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap.At every level of academic achievement, womens median earnings are little(prenominal) than mens median earnings, and in some cases, the gender pay gap is larger at high levels of education. While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap. In well every line of work, women face a pay gap no matter their education background or training. While a pay gap exists in nearly every occupational field, jobs traditionally associated with men tend to pay better than traditional female jobs, regardless of acquirement requisite.Even in 2012, women and men windlessness tend to work in different kinds of jobs. This segregation of occupations is a major factor behind the pay gap. A portentous spokesperson of the problem with workplace inequality is that women, throughout history absorb traditionally assumed the responsibility of child-rearing. As a result, womens work exterior the home is still seen as secondary or supplemental, plane when they fulfil highly skilled, master copy, or management positions. The reasoning is that the Fathers responsibility is with employment, while the Mothers is with the household.However, this is progressively no longer the case in modern society. Employers often descry working mothers as confronting a conflict of loyalty between home and work, and assume that these women, regardless of their circumstances, will lack the commitment req uired of the angel worker, and thus they often exclude women as candidates for positions structured for such workers. Studies have shown that often times when a woman has to take a drop dead of absence from her job to meet family responsibilities, these absences have hurt their potential for upcoming advancement within their organizations and others.Some businesses feel women will place their professional lives on hold in order to attend to family involve. This however is not everlastingly the case. If needed there should be a child care facilities on site, which should pr passing game flexible working arrangements and hours. I personally believe that woman can balance the two lives, if the company is willing to provide assistance. thither is experimental research documented showing that employers are less likely to hire mothers compared with childless women, and when employers do make an offer to a mother, they offer them lower salaries than they do other women.Fathers, in contrast, do not suffer a penalty compared with other men. Clearly, parenthood often affects men and women very differently in terms of labor force participation and how they are viewed by employers, and that difference may be reflected in a workers salary. According to the U. S. Department of Labor, more than 50% of women record in the labor force. Of those 57 million in the workforce, only 72% work full time while the other 28% are part time workers. Many of those part-time workers hold multiple jobs.Even though women recreate more jobs than before, we can still a concentration in jobs macrocosm viewed as traditionally female. The top five occupations for women in 2003 were secretaries and administrative assistants (96. 3%), elementary and middle school teachers (80. 6%), registered nurses (90. 2%), nursing, psychiatric, and home wellness aides (89%), and cashiers (75. 5%). Women continue to get paid less than men. in spite of the awareness of gender inequality, there are stil l arguments about gender difference and assumptions that women and men are from different plants.The workplace still rest an unequal area, by persistent sex segregation, wage inequality, sex discrimination, and sexual harassment. Both women and men work, not only because they have to but lack to. Employers should not judge women as being non-dependable. Family structure has changed dramatically over the years. Both parents share the family responsibilities. To compensate for the change businesses have introduced flextime, job sharing, telecommuting, on-the-spot(prenominal) day care, and parental leave.Employers should accommodate a womans needs and expand the gender diversity in their company. There was a time where balance of respect and roles never existed between the two, but today, two men and women are truly redefining themselves and their relationships with each other. Most importantly women have miserable from the bondage of dependence on men. They no longer have to int erpret themselves to one main role in the family life as the mother they can now go beyond that and become the family breadwinner.Social InequalitySocial Inequality Today, there are many stereotypes and discriminatory practices that act as barriers to a womans advancement within the workplace. While it is undeniable that there are biological and physical differences between men and women, often times these differences are used to justify the unequal treatment of women not only in the workplace, but within society as a whole. Throughout history, women have often been viewed as the weaker sex and thus their place was thought to be within the home as the family caretaker.Unfortunately, these views continue to define the different social roles for men and women in the world today. This is an issue that almost everyone woman at some point in their life has had to face. Some may experience this unequal treatment at their work place, during their education, or in their everyday lives. Hist orically, a womans primary job was managing the household. As housewives who had no source of income besides that of what their husbands earned. In the publics eye women were nothing more than wives, homemakers, caregivers, and mothers.It was not thought of for a woman to work a real job their place was at home taking care of the family. Throughout history women have struggled for equality. The Suffrage Movement and later the Affirmative Action were efforts to increase equality among genders. As the United States economy was changing to a more industrialized one it demanded more workers. While men were at war, the demand for workers needed for war production increased. Women decided to help out with war efforts by taking over the jobs left by men. This step was huge for women realizing their potential in the workplace.Prior to 1963 it was legal for a business to pay a woman performing similar work as a man a lower wage. It was also rare to find a woman in a position of authority in a workplace. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required gender equality for payment of wages. From that point forward it was illegal for an employer to pay a woman a lower wage than a man simply because of her gender. A woman who suffers discrimination under the terms of this law may sue her employer in civil court to recover lost wages and punitive damages. A year later, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.This granted equal rights to women in all areas of employment. Discrimination of any kind in the workplace based on gender was now illegal. The passing of the Civil Rights Act opened new career doors for women and supplied them with the legal support to do so. However, The Civil Rights Act was amended in 1991 when the federal government moved to include sexual harassment in the laws statutes. This revision allowed women to sue employers who permitted sexual harassment in the workplace for compensatory and punitive damages in court.This amendment to the Act did not stop sexual harassm ent in the workplace but it does help to empower women to fight back against the behavior. Even with these laws there is still a significant pay gap among men and women. For example in 2011, women working full time in the United States typically earned just 77 percent of what men earned, a gap of 23 percent. This gap has narrowed since the 1970s, due mainly to womens progress in education and workforce participation and to mens wages rising at a slower rate. The subject of equal pay is not only a womans issue but also the familys issue.Families are relaying on womens earning more than ever just to make ends meet. In typical married households, womens incomes accounted for 36 percent of total family income in 2008, up from 29 percent in 1983. These days a large majority of mothers are in the paid labor force, and about one-third of employed mothers are the sole breadwinners for their families. For the 34 percent of working mothers who are the sole breadwinner for their family either because they are single parents or their spouses is not in the labor force.The gender pay gap can contribute to poor living conditions, poor nutrition, and fewer opportunities for their children. And for these women, closing the gender pay gap is much more than a point of pride its a matter of necessity. In 2011 women working full time made annual earnings of $37,118, while men annually made $48,202. Although statistics show the gender pay gap is smallest among the youngest workers. For instance, in 2010 full-time workers ages 1619, women earned 95 percent of what men earned on a weekly basis.Among workers 65 years and older, women earned only 76 percent of what their male peers earned. Women typically earn more than 90 percent of what men earn until around the age of 35, at which point median earnings for women start to grow much more slowly than median earnings for men. After age 35, womens median earnings fall to between 75 and 80 percent of the median earnings of men and remain there until retirement. When you look at education statistics youll see that more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, but it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap.At every level of academic achievement, womens median earnings are less than mens median earnings, and in some cases, the gender pay gap is larger at higher levels of education. While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap. In nearly every line of work, women face a pay gap no matter their education background or training. While a pay gap exists in nearly every occupational field, jobs traditionally associated with men tend to pay better than traditional female jobs, regardless of skill required.Even in 2012, women and men still tend to work in different kinds of jobs. This segregation of occupations is a major factor behind the pay gap. A significant part of the problem with workplace inequality is that women, th roughout history have traditionally assumed the responsibility of child-rearing. As a result, womens work outside the home is still seen as secondary or supplemental, even when they occupy highly skilled, professional, or management positions. The reasoning is that the Fathers responsibility is with employment, while the Mothers is with the household.However, this is increasingly no longer the case in modern society. Employers often perceive working mothers as confronting a conflict of loyalty between home and work, and assume that these women, regardless of their circumstances, will lack the commitment required of the ideal worker, and thus they often exclude women as candidates for positions structured for such workers. Studies have shown that often times when a woman has to take a leave of absence from her job to meet family responsibilities, these absences have hurt their potential for future advancement within their organizations and others.Some businesses feel women will place their professional lives on hold in order to attend to family needs. This however is not always the case. If needed there should be a child care facilities on site, which should provide flexible working arrangements and hours. I personally believe that woman can balance the two lives, if the company is willing to provide assistance. There is experimental research documented showing that employers are less likely to hire mothers compared with childless women, and when employers do make an offer to a mother, they offer them lower salaries than they do other women.Fathers, in contrast, do not suffer a penalty compared with other men. Clearly, parenthood often affects men and women very differently in terms of labor force participation and how they are viewed by employers, and that difference may be reflected in a workers salary. According to the U. S. Department of Labor, more than 50% of women participate in the labor force. Of those 57 million in the workforce, only 72% work full ti me while the other 28% are part time workers. Many of those part-time workers hold multiple jobs.Even though women occupy more jobs than before, we can still a concentration in jobs being viewed as traditionally female. The top five occupations for women in 2003 were secretaries and administrative assistants (96. 3%), elementary and middle school teachers (80. 6%), registered nurses (90. 2%), nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides (89%), and cashiers (75. 5%). Women continue to get paid less than men. Despite the awareness of gender inequality, there are still arguments about gender difference and assumptions that women and men are from different plants.The workplace still remains an unequal area, by persistent sex segregation, wage inequality, sex discrimination, and sexual harassment. Both women and men work, not only because they have to but want to. Employers should not judge women as being non-dependable. Family structure has changed dramatically over the years. Both paren ts share the family responsibilities. To compensate for the change businesses have introduced flextime, job sharing, telecommuting, on-site day care, and parental leave.Employers should accommodate a womans needs and expand the gender diversity in their company. There was a time where balance of respect and roles never existed between the two, but today, both men and women are truly redefining themselves and their relationships with each other. Most importantly women have broken from the bondage of dependence on men. They no longer have to submit themselves to one main role in the family life as the mother they can now go beyond that and become the family breadwinner.