Occupational Adaptation Theory

There ar many sits that provide health c ar professionals with a filter in how they view and asses business sectoral challenges that various(prenominal)s encounter. The occupational readjustment (OA) forge is based on the assumption that the more admit qualified an person is, in an ever- changing environs, the more practicable they become (Schultz, 2014).This assumption is what separates the OA baffle from other assumes (Schultz, 2014). The person-environment-occupation (PEO) model, for ex angstrom unitle, typically assesses environmental barriers which impede an individuals working(a) mathematical operation and bring on modifications to the environment to improve occupational performance (Brown, 2014). temporary hookup the PEO model is undefeated in promoting the shell fit between an individual, their environment, and their occupation (Brown, 2014), other healthcare professionals find success through the use of the OA model by promoting fitability in spite of a ppearance the environment (Schultz, 2014).History of occupational AdaptationThe theory of occupational edition was coached by Janette Schkade and Sally Schultz in 1992 at Texas Womans University (Schultz, 2014). Schkade and Schultz were part of the faculty who was challenged by the doyen of the program at Texas Womans University to develop a Ph.D. program in occupational therapy (Schultz, 2014).It was agreed upon that occupation and reading were important concepts of occupational therapy (Schultz, 2014). When the Ph.D. program was established, occupational reading was foundational to their philosophy and research (Schultz, 2014). The focus of the theory of occupational readjustment is to enhance boilersuit performance (Schultz, 2014). By developing this theory, Schkade and Schultzs goal was to develop adaptive skills and successfully achieve personal adaptation. Furthermore, the theory of occupational adaptation is based on the relationship between occupational performance and kind-hearted adaptation (Schultz, 2014).Occupational Adaptation TheoryOccupational performance is defined as having the ability to exact out roles, routines, and tasks in response to posits of the environment (Ranka, J., & vitamin A Chapparo, C. 1997). The OA theory emphasizes the fascinate of the interaction between the environment and an individual on occupational performance (Schultz, 2014).Schkade and Schultz found that the more adaptive a person becomes, the more functional they are which improves overall occupational performance. Personal adaptation is defined as an ongoing change of order and disorder, and reorganization (Schultz, 2014). The environment is an area that is for the most part out of ones control to be functional in an dynamic area, it is best to adjust to the given circumstance (Schultz, 2014). Schematic Schkade, J. K., Schultz, S. (1992)Occupational Adaptation Process ModelIn the occupational adaptation process model by Schkade Schultz (1992), the perso n is influenced by upcountry factors which demand adaptation and create a desire for mastery. An individuals internal factors are influenced by the sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial systems (Schultz, 2014). These systems are responsible for responses to the environment and challenges (Schultz, 2014).The occupational environment poses outdoor(a) factors in which an individuals roles and occupations lodge in place (Schultz, 2014). The occupational environment creates a demand for mastery and is strongly associated with a persons physical, social, and cultural background (Schultz, 2014). External factors largely affect an individuals response and ability to adapt (Schultz, 2014). Through occupation, at that place is unceasing interaction between an individual and the occupational environment (Schultz, 2014).Due to the logical interaction between a person and his or her environment, occupational challenges swot and a press for mastery is created (Schultz, 2014). The occu pational role expectation is detail upon the environment and demands for adaptation in response to the occupational challenge (Schultz, 2014). When an individual adapts to changes in the environment, this is called the occupational response (Schultz, 2014).Role of Occupational TherapistThe theory of occupational adaptation focuses on developing an individuals adaptive skills through therapeutic use of occupation (Schultz, 2014). The therapeutic use of occupation uses occupational activities to promote the desire to adapt and succeed (Schultz, 2014). The techniques that are used to promote the desire to adapt are crucial for success or otherwise could provide the opposite results and restrict the desire to adapt (Schultz, 2014).Interferences that often impede an individuals success are distressing approach, repetition of ineffective exercises, depression, and frustration (Schultz, 2014). Therapists should grade activities victimisation the just compensate approach so that a perso n feels successful, but is still challenged (Schultz, 2014). slice some interferences can be overcome for success, deficits in sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial systems place remarkable limitations on an individuals ability to respond with adaptations (Schultz, 2014). The role of the therapist is not to take away a persons challenges, but to help them to discover their ability to adapt (Schultz, 2014).Application to Occupational TherapyThis theory can be successfully utilize in intervention in schools, home care, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, and mental health (Schultz, 2014). Thus, there is a wide variety of individuals that could benefit from this model including churlren, people who view as had strokes, post-surgery or injured patients, individuals with dementia, and caregivers (Schultz, 2014).People who have had strokes, specifically, have been successful with this model because of the structure and focus that it provides (Schultz, 2014). Therapists have guided these patients using this model by providing adaptive strategies for their new roles (Schultz, 2014). Therapists have also found success using this model in rehabilitation interventions (Schultz, 2014).Whether it is post-surgery or injury, therapists have found that their patients are more successful and engaged when the intervention plan includes strategies of adaptation inside their daily occupational role (Schultz, 2014). In schools, this model has been successful when diametric with the occupation of reading model for children who experience difficulty reading (Schultz, 2014).The OA model was used to engage children in meaningful reading activities where they feel assured and successful (Schultz, 2014). Therapists found that when adjusting the reading level, children experienced relative mastery (Schultz, 2014). firearm the goal of most intervention is improved performance, the OA model focuses on promoting adaptability, which improves overall performance (Schultz, 201 4).ConclusionThe ecological model is similar to the OA model in that they twain emphasize the influence that the environment has on an individuals occupational performance (Schultz, 2014 Brown, 2014). While the OA model focuses on the importance of adaptability within the environment (Schultz, 2014), the ecological model focuses on modifying the environment for optimal performance (Brown, 2014).The person-environment-occupation (PEO) model, specifically, relates function or disfunction to a persons fit to the environment (Brown, 2014). Dysfunction, according to the PEO model, is due to a hapless person-environment fit and can be rectified by changing the environment (Brown, 2014).The PEO model is based on the idea that therapists should focus on changing the environment to enhance performance rather than changing the individual (Brown, 2014). Consequently, an individuals occupational success is then limited to the confines of the environment that has been adjusted to their capabil ities (Schultz, 2014).For example, a child that has difficulty attending to tasks in a brazen room changing the individuals environment to a quiet room would result in improved occupational performance, but the child is then limited to functional performance within the means of a quiet environment. The OA model adequately prepares a person for an ever-changing environment that they can adapt to, accordingly their occupations are not limited to one environment (Schultz, 2014).For example, a child that has difficulty attending to tasks in a loud room a child that is guided on how to adapt in a loud environment through the use of headphones will then be able to apply their new found adaptive skills in other environments. The OA model differs from other models through collaboration with the person and by instilling boldness as well as empowering them with skills that can be applied end-to-end all of their occupations (Schultz, 2014).I feel most aligned with the OA model because it focuses on vitality skills that are important to be successful throughout life (Schultz, 2014). The OA model is limitless in the population and settings that it can be applied in, which creates stability and structure to help people thrive (Schultz, 2014). In an ever-changing environment that is inevitable, the OA model provides the necessary structure and guidance to function throughout life (Schultz, 2014).ReferencesBrown, C. (2014). Ecological Models in Occupational Therapy. In Willard and Spackmans Occupational Therapy (12th ed., pp. 494-504). Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Model of occupational adaptation process. (1992). In Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice (Part 1).American ledger of Occupational Therapy. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https//ajot.aota.org/article.aspx?articleid=1875314.Ranka, J., & Chapparo, C. (1997). Occupational Performance Model (Australia). Retrieved September 1, 2018, from http//www.occu pationalperformance.com/definitions/Schkade, J. K., & Schultz, S. (1992). Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice, Part 1. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46, 829-837. doi10.5014/ajot.46.9.829Schultz, S. W. (2014). Theory of Occupational Adaptation. In Willard and Spackmans Occupational Therapy (12th ed., pp. 527-540). Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Schultz, S. , Schkade, J. K. (1992). Occupational adaptation Toward a holistic approach to contemporary practice, Part 2. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46, 917-926. doi10.5014/ajot.46.10.917