Apa Style Guide

APA Publication Manual Crib Sheet This muniment is a summary of rules from the APA Publication Manual 5th discrepancy. For Further development hear APA indite Style at http//www. apastyle. org June 2008 APA STYLE GUIDE 5th Edition APA requires a hanging indent for its de nonations. Also, PLEASE BE SURE TO ternary SPACE CITATIONS. For space saving reasons, the citations on a lower floor ar single spaced. APA requires devil-base hit spacing of citations. Citation Rules A. Books Typical book main course single agent Arnheim, R. (1971). Art and visual perception. Berkeley University of California Press.Publishing knowl butt against Spell let on the make cognomens of associations and university presses, but omit superfluous terms such as Publishers, Co. , or Inc. If devil or to a greater extent lieus be given, give the location listed freshman or the publishers home office. When the publisher is a university and the name of the enunciate (or province) is taked in the university name, do not repeat the name of the disk operating system/province in the publisher location. When the generator and publisher are identical, utilization the word Author as the name of the publisher. American Psychiatric Association. (1994).symptomatic and statistical manual of mental dis secernates (4th ed. ). Washington, D. C. Author Multiple writes When a work has up to (and including) cardinal authors, call down all authors. When a work has more than sextuplet-spot authors computer address the first six followed by et al. Festinger, L. , Riecken, H. , Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. Roeder, K. , Howdeshell, J. , Fulton, L. , Loch lead, M. , Craig, K. , Peterson, R. , et. al. (1967). heart cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Corporate authorship Institute of Financial Education. 1982). Managing individualized funds. ChicagoMidwestern. zero(prenominal)author set Exp erimental psychological science. (1938). smart York Holt. Citing items in an anthology/chapter in edited book Rubenstein, J. P. (1967). The effect of television violence on small children. In B. F. Kane (Ed. ), Television and juvenile psychological development (pp. 112-134). unfermented York American psychological Society. Reprinted or re print chapter Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans. ), The standard translation of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London Hogarth Press. Original work published 1923) Following the entry, enclose Original work published in parentheses, noting the cowcatcher date. Chapter in a leger in a series Maccoby, E. E. , Martin, J. (1983). enculturation in the con schoolbookual matter of the family Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed. ) E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed. ), Handbook of child psychological science Vol. 4. Socialization, individualizedity, and accessible development (4th ed. , pp. 1-101). New York Wiley. Citing multivolume works Wilson, J. G. , Fraser, F. C. (Eds. ). (1977-1978). Handbook of teratology (Vols. 1-4). New York Plenum Press.In listing a multivolume work, the publication dates should be inclusive for all volumes. The volumes should be identified, in parentheses, with step up delay side cablegram the book epithet. Do not delectation a level between the title and the parenthetic information close the entire title, including the volume information, with a period. Edited collections Higgins, J. (Ed. ). (1988). psychology. New York Norton. or Grice, H. P. , Gregory, R. L. (Eds. ). (1968). Early terminology development. New York McGraw-Hill. Citing specific editions of a book Brockett, O. (1987). History of the theatre (5th ed. ). Boston Allyn and Bacon.Immediately by and by the books title, note the edition information in parentheses (for example, 5th ed. or rev. ed. ). Do not determination a period between the title and the parenthetic information. Translated works Freud, S. (1970) An out termination of psychoanalysis (J. Strachey, Trans. ). New York Norton. (Original work published 1940) The sure publication date is the last portion of the entry and should be in parentheses with the note Original work published followed by the date. Proceedings Deci, E. L. , & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational shape up to self Integration in own(prenominal)ity. In R. Dienstbier (Ed. , nor-east Symposium on Motivation Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. or Cynx, J. , Williams, H. , & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric diffences in avian song discrimation. Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences, USA, 89, 1372-1375. B. Journals Citing articles in journals with continuous pagination Passons, W. (1967). Predictive validities of the ACT, SAT, and high school grades for first semester GPA and freshman courses. Educational and Psychological Meas urement, 27, 1143-1144. Citing articles in journals with non-continuous paginationSawyer, J. (1966). Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66 (3), 178-200. Beca practice pagination protrudes anew with separately sleep with of this journal, it is prerequisite to include the issue consequence in parentheses after the volume number. broadside that at that place is a comma between the issue number and the rogue numbers, but no comma between the italized volume number and the issue number. If the biweekly does not apply volume numbers, include pp. before the paginate numbers so the reader will understand that the numbers worry to pagination. Use p. if the mention is a varlet r less long. Citing articles in monthly periodicals Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, whitethorn) Aerobic report a writing practice model. Writing Lab News earn, pp. 9-11. Citing articles in weekly periodicals Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films class consciousn ess. The New Republic, p. 30. theme articles Monson, M. (1993, family rip 16). Urbana firm obstacle to office project. The Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette, pp. A1,A8. No author identified Clinton puts human face on health-care plan. (1993, September 16). The New York Times, p. B1. Reprinted or republished articles Clark, G. & Zimmerman, E. (1988). Professional subjects and activities as models for art education. In S. Dobbs (Ed. ), question readings for discipline- ground art education. Reston, VA NAEA. (Reprinted from Studies in Art Education, 19 (1986), 34-39. ) Following the entry, enclose Reprinted from in parentheses, noting the original publication information. Close with a period. ERIC Documents (Report addressable from the Educational Re writers Information reduce) Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs look into the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4).East Lansing, MI National Center for look for on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED346082) C. Dissertations Dissertation obtained from Dissertation soakednesss International (DAI) Bower, D. L. (1993). Employee assistant programs supervisory referrals Characteristics of referring and non-referring supervisors. Dissertation snarfs International, 54 (01), 534B. (UMI No. 9315947) Dissertation obtained from the university Ross, D. F. (1990). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity When a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person from a lineup (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, 1990).Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 417. Give the university and year of the dissertation as well as the volume and rogue numbers from the Dissertation Abstract International. D. Other Media Citing inter studys Archer, N. (1993). Interview with Helen Burns, author of Sense and Perception. Journal of Sensory Studies, 21, 211-216. In this example, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is g iven in brackets. If the interview has a title, include the title (without character mark) after the year, and then give a further description in brackets if necessary.Unpublished interviews do not need a reference page entry beca physical exercise they are what the Publication Manual of the APA calls personal communications and so do not result recoverable data. Here, the entry consists of the first initial and last name of the interviewee, the type of communication, and the date of the interview. (N. Archer, personal interview, October 11, 1993) Citing films or videotapes Motion picture replaces Film and Videotape as a bracketed descriptor. Weir, P. B. (Producer), & Harrison, B. F. (Director). (1992). Levels of consciousness Motion picture. Boston, MA Filmways.Here, the main pot responsible for the videotape are given, with their roles identified in parentheses after their name. After the title, the medium is identified (here, a motion picture). The distributors name and loc ation comprises the last break open of the entry. Citing recordings Writer, A. (Date of copyright). human activity of song Recorded by operative if different from writer. On Title of album Medium of recording CD, record, cassette, and so forth . status Label. (Recording date if different than copyright) McFerrin, Bobby (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music Cassette Recording. Hollywood, CA EMI-USA.E. Electronic Information The type of medium can be, but is not limited to the sideline aggregated databases, online journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgoups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups or Web or e-mail based newsletters. folio in electronic references is unavailable in many cases, thus remaining out of the citation. The APA Manual has a short component part demonstrating the format for electronic references on pp. 268-281. For other examples, visit http//www. apastyle. org/elecref. html Citing computer software Arend, Dominic N. (1993). Choices (Version 4. 0) Computer s oftware.Champaign, IL U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No. CH7-22510) If an individual(s) has proprietary rights to the software, their name(s) are listed at the head of the entry, last name first, followed by a period. Otherwise, comprehend such references as unauthored. Do not italize the title. Specify in brackets that the character reference is computer software, program or language. List the location and the formations name that produced the program. join on any other necessary information for identifying the program (in this example, the report number) in parentheses at the entrys conclusion.To reference a manual, follow the same as in a higher(prenominal) place but add manual as the source in the bracketed information. Do not add a period at the end of a citation if it ends in a web address. Full- schoolbook Database (i. e. , book, magazine, news musical composition article or report) The second date which follows is the date the user retr ieved the material. No period follows an net profit Web address. Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11, 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999, from EBSCO Masterfile database. clause in an Internet-only journal Kawasaki, J. L. , Raven, M. R. 1995). Computer-administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. Retrieved June 2, 1999, from http//joe. org/joe/index. html Article in an Internet-only newsletter Waufton, K. K. (1999, April). Dealing with anthrax. Telehealth News, 3(2). Retrieved December 16, 2000, from http//www. telehearlth. net/subscribe/newslettr_5b. html1 Internet technical or research reports University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Health and Aging. (1996, November). inveterate care in America A 21st century challenge. Retrieved September 9, 2000, from the Robert Wood Foundation Web site http//www. wjf. org/library/chrcare Document created by private organization, no page numbers, no date Greater Hattiesburg polite Awareness Group, Task Force on Sheltered Programs. (n. d. ). Fund-raising efforts. Retrieved November 10, 2001, from http//www. hattiesburgcag. org Some eras authors are not identified, and in that respect is no date showing for the written document. Date website was accessed should be utilize and efforts should be made to identify the sponsoring author/organization of the website. If no(prenominal) is found, do not list an author. Document from university program or part McNeese, M. N. (2001).Using technology in educational settings. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from University of Southern Mississippi, Educational Leadership and Research Web site http//www-dept. usm. edu/eda/ E-Mail, newsgroups, online forums, discussion groups and electronic mailing lists Personal communications, which are not archived, should not included in reference lists and cited in spite of bulgeance the text only Smith, Fred (personal communication, January 21, 1999 ) Citations Within Text Use of Authors Names In APA style, only the authors last name is used in the document as a whole and within in-text citations in particular.If the authors name is mentioned in the text near often, an authors last name push throughs in the text with the date of publication immediately followers in parentheses Bolles (2000) provides a practical, luxuriant approach to personal credit line hunting. If the authors name is not mentioned in the text When the authors name does not break through in the text itself, it get ons in the parenthetical citation followed by a comma and the date of publication Interactive fiction permits readers to move tolerantly through a text and to participate in its authorship (Bolter, 2001). mark off If you cite the same source a second while within a paragraph, the year of publication may be omitted. If there are cardinal authors When a work has devil authors, always cite twain label every time the source is cited in the te xt Katzenbach and Smith (1993) sic a team as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a public purpose, mathematical bring goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (p. 45).If the authors names appear in the text itself, connect the names with the word and however, if the authors names appear parenthetically, connect the names with an ampersand () A team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Katzenbach Smith, 1993, p. 45). If there are three, four, or louver authorsWhen you cite for the first time a work with three, four, or quintuple authors, cite all authors Cogdill, Fanderclai, Kilborn, and Williams (2001) argue that making backchannel overtly available for study would require making its presence and depicted object visible and its content persist, affecting the n ature of the backchannel and raising social and ethical issues (p. 109). (Again, if the authors names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the last(a) deuce names with a comma and an ampersand). In all subsequent citations, include only the name of the first author followed by et al. the abridgment for the Latin phrase meaning and others) Cogdill et al. (2001) assert that backchannel is multithreaded, substantial, and governed by many social conventions (p. 109). Again, if the authors names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the lowest two names with a comma and an ampersand. If there are six or more authors If a work has six or more authors, cite the last name of the first author followed by et al. in all citations Adkins et al. (2001) canvass the use of collaborative technology during a multinational, civil-military exercise. If two authors turn in the same last nameIf a document includes sources by two authors with the same last name, include the first and middle initial of each author in all text citations R. P. Allen (1994) and D. N. Allen (1998) clear both studied the effects of email monitoring in the workplace. If two or more sources are cited When citing two or more sources by different authors within the same citation, place the authors names in parentheses in alphabetical order, followed by the year of publication and separated by a semicolon Hypertext significantly changes the process of information retrieval (Bolter 2001 Bush, 1945 Landow 1997).If no author is identified If no author is identified, use an abbreviated title instead, followed by the date. Use inverted comma marks around article or chapter titles, and underline book, periodical, brochure, and report titles The use of guest Relationship Management (CRM) systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer needs and to amend their profitability (Making CRM Work). Placement of Citations for Quoted MaterialSpecific page numbers for paraphrased or quoted material appear within the parenthetical citation pursual the abbreviation for page (p. ). The location of the parenthetical citation for a quote depends upon the transcription of quoted material within the sentence * If the quotation appears in midsentence, insert the final quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation then complete the sentence. Branscomb (1998) argues that its a undecomposed idea to lurk (i. e. read all the messages without contributing anything) for a fewer weeks, to ensure that you dont break any of the rules of netiquette (p. 7) when you join a listserv. * If the quotation appears at the end of the sentence, insert the final quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation and the end punctuation Branscomb (1998) argues that when you join a listserv, its a good idea to lurk (i. e. , read all the messages without contributing anything) for a few weeks, to ensure that you dont break any of the rules of netiquette (p. 7). If the quotation is long (40 words or more), it should be formatted as a block quotation, and the parentheses should appear after the final punctuation mark Bolles (2000) argues that the most effective job hunting system is what he calls the creative job hunting approach figuring out your best skills, and favorite knowledges, and then researching any employer that interests you, before approaching that organization and arranging, through your contacts, to see the person there who has the power to hire you for the side you are interested in.This method, faithfully followed, leads to a job for 86 out of every 100 job-hunters who try it. (57) Citing Electronic Sources See http//www. apastyle. org for additional information * Sample reference paginate (Next Page) The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed. , 2001) provides a comprehensive reference guide to writing employ APA style, organization, a nd content. To order a copy of the Publication Manual online, go to http//www. apa. org/books/4200060. html. To view PDF documents referenced on this APA Style Essentials page, you need Adobe Acrobat Reader.To transfer the free Acrobat Reader, go to http//www. adobe. com/products/acrobat/readstep2. html. The purpose of this document is to provide a common burden of elements of APA style that all members of an academic division can adopt as minimal standards for any assignment that specifies APA style. This Web document is itself not a model of APA style. For an example of a complete article formatted according to APA style, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/prayer. pdf. For an example of an undergraduate research proposal, go to http//www. anguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/psychproposal. pdf. To download a Microsoft Word template of an APA-style report card, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/DDegelman/psychapa. doc I. public Document Guidelines A. Margins One inch on all sides (top, bottom, unexpended, right) B. Font size of it and Type 12-pt. font (Times Roman or Courier are bankable typefaces) C. Line Spacing typewrite throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, bole of the document, references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and assure captions. D.Spacing after Punctuation Space once after all punctuation. This includes exploitation one space (not two ) pursuit punctuation marks at the ends of sentences. E. Alignment Flush left (creating uneven right margin) F. Paragraph harshness 5-7 spaces G. pagination The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page (except conventions), number one with the title page H. Manuscript Page Header The first two or three words of the paper title appear five spaces to the left of the page number on every page (except Figures), outgrowth with the title page.Manuscript page headers are use d to identify hologram pages during the column process. Using most word processors, the manuscript page header and page number can be inserted into a header, which then automatically appears on all pages. I. Active voice As a general rule, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. For example, use We predicted that rather than It was predicted that J. set of PagesTitle Page, Abstract, Body, destinations, Appendixes, Footnotes, Tables, Figure fables, Figures II. Title Page K. Pagination The Title Page is page 1.L. Key Elements Paper title, author(s), author affiliation(s), and ravel head. M. Paper Title Uppercase and small letters, touch on the page. N. Author(s) Uppercase and little letters, centered on the line following the title. O. Institutional affiliation Uppercase and small letters, centered on the line following the author(s). P. Running head The running head is typed counterbalance left (all chapiter) following the words Running head on the line be low the manuscript page header. It should not hap 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing.The running head is a short title that appears at the top of pages of published articles. Q. physical exercise of APA-formatted Title Pagehttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/titlepage. pdf III. Abstract The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most central elements of the paper. R. Pagination The abstract begins on a new page (page 2). S. posture Abstract (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) T. Format The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract should not exceed 120 words.All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words. U. Example of APA-formatted Abstracthttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/abstract. pdf IV. Body V. Pagination The be of the paper begins on a new page (page 3). Subsections of the bo dy of the paper do not begin on new pages. W. Title The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. X. Introduction The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title.Y. copings Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative impressiveness of sections. For example, many empirical research articles utilize Method, Results, Discussion, and References headings. In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure. For an example of APA-formatted headings, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/headings. pdf 1. Main headings (when the paper has each one or two levels of headings) use centered uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Method, Results, Discussion, nd References). 2. Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) are italicized and use flush left, uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure as subsections of the Method section). V. Text citations Source material mustiness be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle is that ideas and words of others must be formally acknowledged. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper.Z. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal coordinate of the sentence, the year of publication appears in parentheses following the realization of the authors. pick out the following example Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a lessening in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. line of creditand is used when multiple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of the sentence.Compare this to the example in the following section. . When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and year of publication appear in parentheses. Consider the following example Reviews of research on piety and health have cerebrate that at least some types of phantasmal behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991 Koenig, 1990 Levin & Vanderpool, 1991 Maton & Pargament, 1987 Paloma & Pendleton, 1991 Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Note& is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical material. Note also that when several sources are cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first authors surnames and separated by semicolons. . When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are included every time the source is cited. . When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first authors surname and et al. are used. Consider the following example Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Payne et al. (1991) showed that . When a source that has six or more authors is cited, the first authors surname and et al. are used every time the source is cited (including the first time). _. Every effort should be made to cite only sources that you have actually read.When it is necessary to cite a source that you have not read (Grayson in the following example) that is cited in a source that you have read (Murzynski & Degelman in the following example), use the following format for the text citation and list only the source you have read in the References list Grayson (as cited in Murzynski Degelman, 1996) identified four components of body language that were related to judgments of vulnerability. . To cite a personal communication (including letters, emails, and mobilise interviews), include initials, surname, and as exact a date as possible.Because a personal communication is not recoverable information, it is not included in the References section. For the text citation, use the following format B. F. Skinner (personal communication, February 12, 1978) claimed a. To cite a Web document, use the author-date format. If no author is identified, use the first few words of the title in place of the author. If no date is provided, use n. d. in place of the date. Consider the following examples Degelman and Harris (2000) provide guidelines for the use of APA writing style.Changes in Americans views of gender status differences have been documented (Gender and Society, n. d. ). b. To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter, and verse. The first time the Bible is cited in the text, identify the version used. Consider the following ex ample You are forgiving and good, O Lord, abounding in love to all who call to you (Psalm 865, New International Version). Note No entry in the References list is needed for the Bible. VI. Quotations When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. c.A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in manifold quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. Example Patients receiving prayer had less congestive heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and refresh (Byrd, 1988, p. 829). d. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin.VII. References All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in the References section). e. Pagination The References section begins on a new page. f. Heading References (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) g. Format The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have three components 3.Authors Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use et al. for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. 4. Year of Publication In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use n. d. in parentheses following the authors. 5. Source Reference Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book).Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers. h. Example of APA-formatted References Go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/references. pdf i. Official APA Electronic Reference Formats document Go to http//www. apastyle. org/elecref. html j. Examples of sources 6. Journal article Murzynski, J. , & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626. 7. Book Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed. ). Boston Allyn and Bacon. 8.Web document on university program or department Web site Degelman, D. , & Harris, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2000, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site http//www. vanguard. edu/faculty/ddegelman/index. aspx? doc_id=796 9. Stand-alone Web document (no dat e) Nielsen, M. E. (n. d. ). notability people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001, from http//www. psywww. com/psyrelig/psyrelpr. htm 10. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and society. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 3, 2001, from http//www. trinity. edu/mkearl/gender. html 11.Journal article from database Hien, D. , & Honeyman, T. (2000). A close-hauled look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database. 12. Abstract from secondary database Garrity, K. , & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on eatery tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001, from PsycINFO database. 13. Journal article, Internet-only journal Bergen, D. (2002, Spring). The role of pretend play in childrens cognitive development. Early Childhood Research Practice, 4(1).Retrieved February 1, 2004, from http//ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4 n1/bergen. html 14. Article or chapter in an edited book Shea, J. D. (1992). worship and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed. ), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-84). New York Oxford University Press. 15. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text revision). Washington, DC Author. VIII. Appendixes A common use of appendixes is to present unpublished tests or to describe complex equipment or comment materials. k.Pagination Each Appendix begins on a separate page. l. HeadingIf there is only one appendix, Appendix is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. If there is more than one appendix, use Appendix A (or B or C, etc. ). Double-space and type the appendix title (centered in uppercase and lowercase letters). m. Format indention the first line 5-7 spaces. n. Example of APA-formatted Appendixhttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psy chology/appendix. pdf IX. Footnotes Content footnotes are occasionally used to support substantive information in the text.. o. Pagination Footnotes begin on a separate page. . Heading Footnotes is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. q. Format indenture the first line of each footnote 5-7 spaces and number the foonotes (slightly above the line) as they are identified in the text. r. Example of APA-formatted Footnoteshttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/footnote. pdf X. Tables A common use of tables is to present quantitative data or the results of statistical analyses (such as ANOVA). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 147-176) for detailed examples. Tables must be referred to in the text. s. Pagination Each Table begins on a separate page. . HeadingTable 1 (or 2 or 3, etc. ) is typed flush left on the first line below the manuscript page header. Double-space and type the table title flush left (italicized in uppercase and lowercase letters) . u. Example of APA-formatted Tableshttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/table2. pdf XI. Figure Captions and Figures A common use of Figures is to present graphs, photographs, or other illustrations (other than tables). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 176-201) for detailed examples. Figure Captions provide, on a single page, captions for the figures that follow. v.Pagination The Figure Captions page is the final numbered page of the paper. The Figures that follow the Figure Captions page do NOT have page numbers or manuscript page headers. w. Heading for Figure Captions Figure Caption(s) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. Double-space and type Figure 1. (or 2 or 3, etc. ) italicized and flush left, followed by the caption for the figure (not italicized), capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns. x. Example of APA-formatted Figure Caption and Figurehttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/DDegelman /psychfigure. pdf